A collaborative study of 10 centres during the winters of 1973-4 and 1974-5 showed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the major cause of admission to hospital for respiratory disease in children under 5 years of age in industrial, urban, and rural communities. In all areas the distribution of clinical symptoms and their severity was similar, but the rate of admission in relation to popu...

BACKGROUND Failure in detecting naturally occurring breeding sites of Aedes mosquitoes can bias the conclusions drawn from field studies, and hence, negatively affect intervention outcomes. We characterized the habitats of immature Aedes mosquitoes and explored species dynamics along a rural-to-urban gradient in a West Africa setting where yellow fever and dengue co-exist. METHODOLOGY Between...

Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) has great environmental implications due to its important role in ecosystem and global nitrogen cycle, as well as contribution to secondary particle formation. Here, we report long-term continuous measurements of NH3 at different locations (i.e. urban, industrial and rural) in Shanghai, China, which provide an unprecedented portrait of temporal and spatial characterist...

The livelihoods of Chinese rural households are undergoing a transformation amid urbanization. While participation in the urban economy has improved rural living standards, rural income has consistently lagged behind urban income, and a broader prosperity gap persists between urban and rural areas. How to increase rural income and reduce the rural-urban gap remains a major challenge for the Chi...

An area of interest in the modern age is the human migration from rural areas to cities. Cities are characterized by a dense concentration of buildings and key infrastructures. However, what has been lacking is a pervasive sensor technology that can monitor the performance of these structures. Partly, this is due to the fact that the information collected from sensors cannot be easily transport...

this study examined distrbution of household income in khorasan razavi province and the country for urban and rural areas, seprately. using household income and expenditure statistics compiled by the statistical center of iran during 2007-2012 the gini index, tile index, atkinson index and the tenth docile to the first docile were applied.the study findings indicate that during the studied peri...

Rural revitalization in border areas is an important part of rural China. Border trade plays a positive role implementing national policies to benefit the people, attracting people back areas, consolidating security, promoting ethnic integration and sharing fruits development. The potenti al can be fully stimulated by policy optimization, upgrading mutual association s, industrial chain develop...

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is a harmful environmental problem in urban areas affecting both climatic and ecological processes. This paper aims to highlight and monitor the spatial distribution of Surface UHI (SUHI) in the Casablanca region, Morocco, using remote sensing data. To achieve this goal, a time series of Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI-TIRS images was acquired from 1984 to 2016 and an...

There is a worldwide growing concern about soil pollution by a wide range of contaminants due to their increased accumulation caused by expeditious industrial and urban development in recent decades. This issue is of special interest because of the danger toxic metals may pose to food quality and human health when they enter the food chain. The present study was undertaken to determine the impa...