The central paradigm of world trade patterns divides this into two elements. Trade between North and South is viewed as determined by traditional comparative advantage, largely determined by differences in endowment patterns. Trade within the North is viewed as determined by specialization due to economies of scale and product differentiation. In this paper, we will argue that this division is ...

cantly lower than the Euromonitor estimates suggest. Euromonitor states the source of its illicit trade estimates as “official statistics, trade associations, trade press, trade interviews, [and] Euromonitor International estimates”. However, the methodology and sources used by Euromonitor are not well-documented, and the discrepancies across editions call into serious question the sources of d...

CONTEXT Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and relate to illness severity. Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to maintain normoglycemia reduces morbidity and mortality. Blood glucose control explains this benefit because a high insulin dose is associated with adverse outcome. Mitogenic insulin effects could theoretically explain this link. OBJECTI...

Several studies have shown that elevated glucose concentrations in patients with acute coronary syndrome and other acute severe illnesses are associated with increased short- and long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (CVM). This has subsequently led to the use of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to control hyperglycemia. Earlier studies have shown that the prevention of hyperglycemia ...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a serious disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Among its subtypes, PAH associated with connective tissue disease (CPAH) has the worse prognosis, because of resistance to conventional vasodilator therapy. We hypothesized that intensive immunosuppressive therapy...

This paper examines the effects of increased intra-industry trade on the labour market adjustment costs in Portugal’s automobile industry. Using a static and dynamic panel data approach, the results show a negative correlation between changes of employment and marginal intra-industry trade. These results confirm the smooth adjustment hypothesis, as well as suggesting that the multinational comp...

Pakistan’s economic ties with Turkey have improved in the past few years. A recently stated pledge to create a free trade agreement between Pakistan and Turkey is likely to trigger a further expansion of economic integration. This paper starts by reviewing trends in Pakistan’s bilateral trade with Turkey since 1996. Next, it estimates an augmented gravity model aiming to project Pakistan’s trad...