In 2020, the maternal mortality rate in Semarang increased to 98.6/100,000 and was ranked top 10 highest Central Java. Until November 2021, there were 111 cases of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), 195 dengue fever, 210 malnutrition. The performance health cadres role community must be improved. results observations field, working are still limited, is considered not optimal. This cross-sectional st...

BACKGROUND Cape Town is undergoing rapid urbanization. South African vital statistics have routinely been stratified by racial categories but intra-urban and peri-urban geographical variations have been neglected. METHODS To examine variations in infant mortality rates (IMR) and proportional infant mortality between urban, rural and informally settled areas, stratified by racial category, bir...

background: the present study was conducted to assess the trend of geographical disparities in child and maternal mortality rates in 20 districts of east azerbaijan, in the northwest of iran, between 1999 and 2013.   methods: data on to health indicators between 1999 and 2013, extracted from population registry panels (zij), was made available for the study by the east azerbaijan health center....

A 70 million population for Malaysia by the year 2010 has been officially targetted for in the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Malaysia Plan, 1981-1985. In response to this, a preliminary investigation was undertaken into the health aspects of population growth. For this exercise, infant mortality rate was used as the health indicator. From trends seen vis-a-vis population growth, it appears that...

BACKGROUND For more than three decades, the main health indicators of the rural population of Iran have been gathered using a 'vital horoscope'. In this study, we use information derived from the vital horoscope to assess trends over time and geographic patterns of inequality in these health indicators. METHODS Nine main health indicators were derived from official annual reports of the Minis...

OBJECTIVES To study the variations in infant mortality rate (IMR) across Colombia's 33 administrative departments over the period 2003-2009, examine persistency of variations across departments over time, and relate those variations to the impact of socio-economic conditions and availability of care on IMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using vital statistics and related socio-economic data we establ...

BACKGROUND Health expenditures are divided in two parts of public and private health expenditures. Public health expenditures contain social security spending, taxing to private and public sectors, and foreign resources like loans and subventions. On the other hand, private health expenditures contain out of pocket expenditures and private insurances. Each of these has different effects on the ...

OBJECTIVES We examined how changes in demographic, geographic, and childbearing risk factors were related to changes in the Black-White infant mortality rate (IMR) gap over 2 decades. METHODS Using 1983-2004 Vital Statistics, we applied inverse probability weighting methods to examine the relationship between risk factors and 3 outcomes: the overall IMR gap, its birth weight component, and it...

PURPOSE The direct impact of protracted conflict on population health and development is well understood. However, the extent of a war's impact on long-term health, and the opportunity costs, are less well understood. This research sought to overcome this gap by asking whether or not health outcomes in Sri Lanka would have been better in the absence of a 26-year war than they were in the presen...