Refugees resettling in the United States carry a significant burden of infectious diseases as a result of exposures in their countries of origin and the circumstances of their migration. Overseas screening is required before entry, but it incompletely assesses infectious diseases in refugees. Domestic health assessment has the potential to provide more comprehensive assessment for infectious di...

Iron deficiency anemia is thought to affect the health of more than one billion people worldwide, with the greatest burden of disease experienced in lesser developed countries, particularly women of reproductive age and children. This greater disease burden is due to both nutritional and infectious etiologies. Individuals in lesser developed countries have diets that are much lower in iron, les...

BACKGROUND The global burden of disease has shifted from communicable diseases in children to chronic diseases in adults. This epidemiologic shift varies greatly by region, but in Europe, chronic conditions account for 86% of all deaths, 77% of the disease burden, and up to 80% of health care expenditures. A number of risk factors have been implicated in chronic diseases, such as exposure to in...

osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. in addition to morbidity, osteoporotic fractures also increase mortality risk in affected patients. enough evidence is not available to indicate that, like western countries, osteoporosis is a public health problem in iran. therefore emrc planned to estimate the burden of osteoporotic fractures in year 2001 based on existing sources of dat...

The key causes of mortality today include cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, cancer and diabetes. Figure 1, from the World Health Organisation’s Global Burden of Disease Report (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2006), illustrates the proportion of deaths due to the major causes. When these statistics are taken together with the age at death data as shown in Figure 2 (WHO, 2006) it can...

Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals that are essential for human life and health. Deficiencies in these micronutrients are common because of poor quality diets and frequent infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries. The high prevalence of deficiencies and their important adverse consequences on mortality, morbidity and disability result in a substantial disease burden. In par...

Introduction Respiratory disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In most developing countries including Nigeria, the burden of respiratory disease is largely unknown; however the burden of infectious and non-infectious respiratory disease appears to be on the increase. This article aims to review current available literature on infectious and non-infectious respiratory di...

Running over timescales that span decades or centuries, the epidemiological transition provides the central narrative of global health. In this transition, a reduction in mortality is followed by a reduction in fertility, creating larger, older populations in which the main causes of illness and death are no longer acute infections of children but chronic diseases of adults. Since the year 2000...

Many interventions have been advocated to mitigate the impact of arsenic contamination of drinking water in Bangladesh. However, there are few data on the true magnitude of arsenic-related disease in Bangladesh nationally. There has also been little consideration given to possible adverse effects of such interventions, in particular, diarrheal disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate ...