Various commercial vaccines for immunization of broiler chickens against infectious bursal disease (IBD) are available, so it would be appropriate to compare the pathogenicity and immune response of chickens to these vaccines. In this study the pathogenicity and serologic response of four IBD vaccines, cloned D78®, Bursine-2®, Bursimune® and Cevac Gambo-L®, were evaluated in specific pathogen f...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive, acute and highly contagious illness of growing-poultry stock infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). It is common in Pakistan, causing potential economic losses throughout the year. The objective of the study is to propose a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool, and compare it with existing commonly used reverse tra...

Five weeks old guinea fowls were inoculated intraocularly with a 20% bursal suspension containing a local Nigerian isolate of infectious burfa! disease virus (IBDV) which had a bursal lesion titre of 10· per 0.5 mI. No clinical signs were observed. Gross lesions were absent and microscopic lesions were not found in the bursa, spleen and kidney on days 3 and 5 post infection (PI). IBDV antigen w...

This introduction provides a telegraphic overview of the processes of zoonotic viral emergence, the intricacies of host–virus interactions, and the distinct role of biological transitions and modifying factors. The process of emergence is conceptualized as two transition stages which are common and required for all disease emergence, (1) human contact with the infectious agent and (2) cross-spe...

It is widely recognized that fragile states are key symptoms of under-development in many parts of the world. Such states are incapable of delivering basic services to their citizens and political violence is commonplace. As of yet, mainstream development economics has not dealt in any systematic way with such concerns and the implications for development assistance. This paper puts forward a f...

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP2 protein was carried out in order to characterize the agent of two outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in layer flocks in the state of Minas Gerais in 2004. The results indicate the outbreaks could be related to the vaccinal virus.

Fabrizio Faggiano and colleagues discuss how a central, transparent, and evidence-based approval process is needed for behavioral prevention interventions in Europe and propose a way forward. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

A recombinant vaccinia virus inducibly expressing ORF A1 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been constructed and characterized. Cells infected with this recombinant virus express the IBDV polyprotein, which is proteolytically processed to give mature VP2, VP3, and VP4 polypeptides. An electron microscopy study revealed that the cytoplasm of cells infected with the recombinant virus c...