Wide-ranging activation of the innate immune system causing chronic low-grade inflammation is closely involved not only in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, through an ongoing cytokine-induced acute-phase response, but also in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, whereby cytokines play a central role in the host's response to the periodontal biofilm. Altho...

Oxidative stress is associated with both healthy aging and age-related disease states. In connection with oxidative stress, immunity is also a major component as a result of the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with the development of tissue aging. Here we show that long-term treatment with the antioxidant tempol extends life-span in mice. Tempol-treated mice exhibited a reduction in ...

RATIONALE The diabetes mellitus drug metformin is under investigation in cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying possible benefits are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we have studied anti-inflammatory effects of the drug and their relationship to antihyperglycemic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS In primary hepatocytes from healthy animals, metformin and the IKKβ (...

Periodontitis is a low-grade inflammatory disease caused by subgingival dysbiotic microbiota. Multiple studies have determined the higher prevalence of tooth loss and poor oral hygiene in patients with Alzheimer’s (AD). However, periodontal diagnosis, bacteria or mediators has not been measured to date. Aim: To determine status, pro-inflammatory mediators, Porphyromonas gingivalis load, Apolipo...

Aberrant up-regulation of aromatase in eutopic endometrium and implants from women with endometriosis has been reported. Aromatase induction may be mediated by increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Recently, we demonstrated that progesterone receptor (PR)-A and PR-B serve an antiinflammatory role in the uterus by antagonizing nuclear factor kappaB activation and COX-2 expression. PR-C, which anta...

BACKGROUND c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase present in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, little is known about how c-Kit influences SMC biology and vascular pathogenesis. METHODS High-throughput microarray assays and in silico pathway analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes between primary c-Kit deficient (KitW/W-v) and contro...

Atherosclerosis, a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in medium-sized and large arteries, is the underlying cause of coronary artery disease and stroke and represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis, from endothelial dysfunction and all stages of plaque formation and progression to its clinical complications. ...

Although there is ample evidence that intra-articular injuries are associated with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the success of anti-inflammatory, disease-modifying treatments to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) remain uncertain. To summarize the current status of anti-inflammatory therapy for PTOA, we conducted a systematic review. 9 clinical studies in humans wer...

Physical inactivity leads to the accumulation of visceral fat and, consequently, to the activation of a network of inflammatory pathways which may promote development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and tumour growth. These conditions belong to the "diseasome of physical inactivity". In contrast, the protective effect of regular exercise against diseases associated wi...

A 72-year-oldwomanwith a history of end-stage liver disease (Child class A) secondary to cryptogenic cirrhosis presented for elective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent imaging demonstrated increased size of a hypervascular 1.3-cm nodule in the left lobe consistent with recurrence at the margin of a previous radiofrequency ablation site. She reporte...