SETTING Despite major progress in the surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), data are lacking for many low-resource countries. World Health Organization estimates of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) rates in Africa are low, and based on very limited data from the African continent. OBJECTIVE To measure MDR-TB prevalence in sub-Saharan African regions with a high prevalence of human ...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) ranks fifth among the seven countries most affected by TB in the WHO Western Pacific Region. However, because of late implementation of mycobacterial culture, no study on resistance to anti-TB drugs had been performed yet. The objective of this study was to document drug resistance rate among patients hospitalized for pu...

Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global health problem. The emergence of novel resistance mechanisms necessitates the development of alternative approaches to investigate the molecular fundamentals of resistance, leading ultimately to new strategies for counteracting them. To gain deeper insight into antibiotic-target interactions, the binding of the frontline anti-tuberculosis dru...

The mechanism of action of isoniazid (INH), a first-line antituberculosis drug, is complex, as mutations in at least five different genes (katG, inhA, ahpC, kasA, and ndh) have been found to correlate with isoniazid resistance. Despite this complexity, a preponderance of evidence implicates inhA, which codes for an enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase of the fatty acid synthase II (FASII), as t...

BACKGROUND Over the past several years, new diagnostic techniques have been developed to allow for the rapid detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The GenoType MTBDRplus test is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strip assay which uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization to detect genetic mutations in the genes that confer isoniazid (INH) and rifampn (RIF) resistance. This ass...

Tuberculosis is a chronic necrotizing bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has not lost its prevalence in the society from past to present. Isoniazid (INH) an important drug used treatment of tuberculosis and for all forms unless there resistance. This study aimed develop validate new HPLC with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) based on formation coloured product (9-ant...

BACKGROUND Molecular methods that target drug resistance mutations are suitable approaches for rapid drug susceptibility testing to detect multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of the study was to determine MDR-TB cases and to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated with rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (INH) resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among smear-positive...

SETTING Initial isolates should be tested for drug susceptibility to confirm the anticipated effectiveness of chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate E-test strips for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN A proportion method using Lowenstein-Jensen medium and the Bactec radiometric system were compared with the E-test (isoniazid [INH], rifampicin [RMP], ethambutol [EMB] ...

The MeltPro TB/INH assay, recently approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, is a closed-tube, dual-color, melting curve analysis-based, real-time PCR test specially designed to detect 30 isoniazid (INH) resistance mutations in katG position 315 (katG 315), the inhA promoter (positions -17 to -8), inhA position 94, and the ahpC promoter (positions -44 to -30 and -15 to 3) of Mycobac...

Since the discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch in 1882 (110), a greater understanding of the dynamics and survival mechanisms of this pathogen has led to more questions than answers. Despite stringent control strategies and many advances in our knowledge of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and the biology of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB still remains one ...