Inhomogeneous optical vortex densities can be produced in stochastic optical fields by a combination of coherent and incoherent superposition of speckle fields. During subsequent propagation, the inhomogeneity in the vortex density decays away. However, the decay curves contain oscillatory features that are counterintuitive: for a short while, the inhomogeneity actually increases. We provide nu...

We present a new generating algorithm to construct exact non static solutions of the Einstein eld equations with two-dimensional inhomogeneity. In nite dimensional families of G1 inhomogeneous solutions with a self interacting scalar eld, or alternatively with perfect uid, can be constructed using this algorithm. Some families of solutions and the applications of the algorithm are discussed. Re...

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in identifying the shape and structure of human anatomy. The most widely used image segmentation algorithms are edge-based and typically rely on the intensity inhomogeneity of the image at the edges, which often fail to provide accurate segmentation results. This paper proposes a boundary detection technique for segmenting the hippocampus (the sub...

INTRODUCTION Radiofrequency (RF) pulse angle inhomogeneity is a significant problem in breast MRI at 3T. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI of the breast with FLASH is susceptible to this RF inhomogeneity, and results in errors in the measurement of tumour enhancement ratio (ER) [1], where ER is a function of changes in relaxation rate (ΔR1) and represents contrast agent concentration in the t...

First, we consider galaxy formation from the viewpoint of hierarchical clustering theory and discuss the possibility that inhomogeneous models with a local void may be compatible with the observed homogeneity of galactic distributions found in recent redshift surveys, because their inhomogeneity can be weakened by the difference in the feedback system of galaxy formation between the inner and o...

We evaluate the effect of inhomogeneity energy on the expansion rate of the universe. Our method is to expand to Newtonian order in potential and velocity but to take into account fully nonlinear density inhomogeneities. To linear order in density, kinetic and gravitational potential energy contribute to the total energy of the universe with the same scaling with expansion factor as spatial cur...

We investigate the interaction of a plane, linearly polarized, Alfvénic pulse with a one-dimensional, perpendicular to the magnetic field, plasma density inhomogeneity in the strongly nonlinear regime. Our numerical study of the full MHD equations shows that: (i) Plasma density inhomogeneity substantially enhances (by about a factor of 2) the generation of longitudinal compressive waves. (ii) A...