preparation of chitosan (cs) microspheres as a novel drug delivery vehicle for intranasal immunization using high, medium and low cs molecular weight (mw) was investigated in this study. diphtheria toxoid (dt) was used as a model antigen. the emulsion-solidification method was adopted for microencapsulation of dt.  in the first step, following the purification of semi-crude dt by the ion-exchan...

This study investigates spectral characteristics of the release bursts in Korean alveolar stops in terms of intensity, center of gravity, and skewness of the spectra of the release burst across phonation types and speakers. The results showed that there was no significant difference in intensity, center of gravity, or skewness across phonation types but a significant difference across speakers....

Nonunion is a common complication in open fractures and other severe bone injuries. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered on a collagen sponge enhances healing of fractures. However, the burst release of rhBMP-2 necessitates supra-physiological doses of rhBMP-2 to achieve a robust osteogenic effect, which introduces risk of ectopic bone formation and severe inflamma...

Two types of consonant gemination characterize Italian: lexical and syntactic. Italian is contrastive, so that two words may differ by only one geminated consonant. In contrast, syntactic occurs across word boundaries, affects the initial a in specific contexts, such as presence monosyllabic morpheme before word. This study investigates acoustic correlates gemination, asking if for are similar ...

Topical dermatological formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are reported to show their pharmacological effect partially through the systemic circulation, and to induce systemic side effects. However, pharmaceutical equivalence and pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between brand-name and generic products are not required. Therefore, we aimed to predict systemic drug exposu...

Drug (Fenbufen, FBF)-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning technique. The influences of gelatin content, fiber arrangement, crosslinking time and pH value of the buffer solution on FBF release behavior of the resulting nanofibrous scaffolds were investigated, with the corresponding FBF-loaded PLGA and PLGA/gelatin...

This article seeks to determine the acoustic correlates of gemination in Standard Somali (Afroasiatic, Cushitic), particular whether closure duration is primary correlate distinguishing singleton and geminate stops, with immediate consequences for analysis word-initial strengthening. We provide an word-internal voiced singletons as well their counterparts on basis a production experiment conduc...

The dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of the ventral striatum have similar cellular components and are both richly innervated by dopamine neurons. Despite similarities that extend throughout the striatum, only the NAc shell has a conspicuous increase in basal dopamine upon the initial administration of psychostimulant drugs such as nicotine. As measured by microdialysis, the...

In the present work, metronidazole and doxycycline with different antibacterial spectra are proposed to be formulated as combination therapy to have a broader antibacterial therapy, which is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic periodontal microflora. Simultaneous use of metronidazole and doxycycline is effective against wide range of periodontal pathogens. Metronidazole and doxycycline...