We study the covariant free bosonic string field theory and explore its locality (causality) properties. We find covariant string fields which are strictly local and covariant, but act on an unconstrained Hilbert space with an indefinite inner product. From these we also define observable fields which act on the physical Hilbert space with an definite inner product. These are shown to be approx...

has been introduced by several authors like Ahmed and Hamouly [1], Kohli and Kumar [5], Biswas [4], etc. Also the notion of fuzzy norm on a linear space was introduced by Katsaras [9]. Later on many other mathematicians like Felbin [3], Cheng and Mordeso [10], Bag and Samanta [6], etc, have given different definitions of fuzzy normed spaces. In recent past lots of work have been done in the top...

Support vector machines and other kernel methods have successfully been applied to various tasks in attribute-value learning. A kernel function is any function in input space that corresponds to an inner product in some feature space. In this discussion paper, we propose a kernel function on strongly typed first-order terms, and we show how this kernel corresponds to the linear inner product in...

we introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. in this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. inparticular, we will prove that ...