We present an integrated approach to speech and natural language processing which uses a single parser to create training for a statistical speech recognition component and for interpreting recognized text. On the speech recognition side, our innovation is the use of a statistical model combining N-gram and context-free grammars. On the natural language side, our innovation is the integration o...

Abstract Background Ioannidis et al. (2020) reported a standardized estimate of scientific productivity obtained from worldwide database 6,880,389 scientists who published at least 5 papers picked up by the Scopus database, and elaborated ranking ca. 120,000 both whole trajectory (career-long) impact their current year 2019. The goal our paper is to contextualize Latin American ecologists’ cont...

innovation strategy is the basis of success in innovation and performance improvement. this paper represents a model related to the most important innovation strategies which have a significant impact on performance of industries. then, it examines the relationships between innovation strategies and diversity and development of the performance. so, the empirical research was carried out in iran...

An undeniable shift in focus from traditional production companies to Knowledge-Intensive Firms (KIFs) poses challenges for academics and practioners alike. In particular, effective management of an organization’s human resources has become a critical issue for ensuring sustained innovation capacity. The relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) in KIFs is however still a largely une...

The reality facing multinational corporations (MNCs) is that traditional models of innovation are fast becoming obsolete. Multinationals used to manage innovation either through their centrally located research and development (R&D) activities (on a ‘‘centerfor-global’’ basis) or through the development activities of their individual subsidiaries (on a ‘‘local-for-local’’ basis). Economic chang...

The impact of patent protection on biomedical innovation has been a controversial issue. Although a “medical anti-commons” has been predicted due to a proliferation of patents on upstream technologies, evidence to test these concerns is only now emerging. However, most industrial surveys that shed light on this issue are mainly from developed countries, making it very difficult to predict the i...