The authors' review compiles the literature in the field of polyoxomolybdates, POMo, and polyoxomolybdovanadates, POMoV, over the past two decades. The main achievements in the field of synthesis, crystal and molecular structure determinations and applications are presented. The first section describes polyoxomolybdates; their structure starting with a smaller number of building units to the fo...

Conidia/mycelium-to-yeast transition of Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensis is a critical step for the establishment of paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. Thus, knowledge of the factors that mediate this transition is of major importance for the design of intervention strategies. So far, the only known pre-requisites for the accomplishment of the morphological transit...

Arsenical poisoning may occur in industry, in three forms: (I) From inhalation of or contact with dust of inorganic compounds, (2) from inhalation of arseniuretted hydrogen, (3) from contact with organic arsenic compounds. The inorganic compounds act as local irritants to the skin and mucosa and may have a carcinogenic effect. Arseniuretted hydrogen acts as a haemolytic agent and organic arseni...

The oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds during ozonation can occur via ozone or OH radicals or a combination thereof. The oxidation pathway is determined by the ratio of ozone and OH radical concentrations and the corresponding kinetics. A huge database with several hundred rate constants for ozone and a few thousand rate constants for OH radicals is available. Ozone is an electrophile...

In the field of FTIR spectroscopy of heritage materials, the Far Infrared (FIR) region has been less investigated than the Mid Infrared (MIR) although it has some advantages, particularly in characterisation of inorganic compounds such as painting materials and corrosion products, which are not active in the MIR. Furthermore, FIR spectroscopy is a complementary technique to Raman spectroscopy i...

Perchlorate (ClO4) may appear to be just another addition to a growing list of halogenated chemicals that persist in the environment, but the chemical characteristics of this inorganic anion make it quite unusual. Typical chlorinated aliphatic compounds, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), are relatively insoluble carbonaceous compounds, strictly used for industrial purposes. They are volatile, ad...

Organic pesticides were developed during and after World War II to displaced inorganic and metal organic substances such as sulfur, arsenic, sodium fluoride and boric acid, which used by society for thousands of year. Some of these pesticides were OCPs which are organic compounds that contain chlorine. These OCPs were preferred because of their effective against the target pests even if only sm...

Many methods for the determination of iodinated compounds in thyroid extracts by paper and thin-layer chromatography have been reported. Some of them do not separate inorganic iodide (l-3)) diiodothyronine (4-8)) or monoand di-iodotyrosines (6, 9). Others use more than one solvent system (4, 7, lO-12), usually one system for iodotyrosines and another for iodothyronines. Still other show poor se...

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an effective tool for the preconcentration of trace elements and their separation from various sample constituents. Octadecyl and other alkyl-bonded silica gels are most widely used for these purposes. The fundamentals of the SPE of inorganic ions are reviewed and compared with those of related techniques (liquid-liquid extraction and reversed-phase liquid chroma...

There are a large number of assays in cellular and molecular biology that either produce or consume inorganic phosphate. Therefore, the ability to quantitatively measure these phosphorous compounds can allow the assessment of the associated enzymes. Here we describe the use of the mQuant Scanning microplate spectrophotometer to quantitate ATPase activity by measuring inorganic phosphate in solu...