Although integration of viral DNA into host chromosomes occurs regularly in bacteria and animals, there are few reported cases in plants, and these involve insertion at only one or a few sites. Here, we report that pararetrovirus-like sequences have integrated repeatedly into tobacco chromosomes, attaining a copy number of approximately 10(3). Insertion apparently occurred by illegitimate recom...

Evolution operates molecular alterations of two types: punctual mutations, namely insertion, deletion or substitution of one residue, and segment-based modi cations: duplication, displacement, deletion or insertion of a segment of the molecule. Up to now, distance or dissimilarity measures used to compare sequences consider only punctual mutations. To our knowledge, no measure attempts to quant...

A truncated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) allele on a putative 5q- chromosome of HL-60 cells was cloned and, by comparison with counterpart normal sequences, analyzed for clues to molecular mechanisms facilitating rearrangement and deletion. Within the 17-kilobase (kb) pair locus surrounding the truncated GM-CSF gene remnant, there are no fewer than four rearranged g...

Numerous flanking nucleotide sequences from two primate interspersed repetitive DNA families have been aligned to determine the integration site preferences of each repetitive family. This analysis indicates that both the human Alu and galago Monomer families were preferentially inserted into short d(A+T)-rich regions. Moreover, both primate repeat families demonstrated an orientation specific ...

objective(s) nonviral vector can be an attractive alternative to gene delivery in experimental study. in spite of some advantages in comparison with the viral vectors, there are still some limitations for efficiency of gene delivery in nonviral vectors. to determine the effective expression, the recombinant escherichia coli lacz genes were cloned into the different variants of pcdna3.1 and then...

objective: identity the genetic aspects and major gene influence on energy balance, milk production, fertility, food safety and consumer are the recent interests of genetic and breeding researchers. methods: najdi cattle is the most prominent breeds in khuzestan province. to do this plan in shoushtar najdi cattle station, blood samples were taken from 15 najdi cattles. dna was extracted from wh...

Bundle Adjustment is a key process to enhance the global accuracy of the 3D camera pose and structure estimation in the framework of structure from motion over long video sequences. However, most bundle adjustment algorithms require sufficient visual feature correspondences from each camera frame to its neighboring frames in video sequences, which are hard to collect in real environments, espec...

During evolution of microorganisms genomes underwork have different changes in their lengths, gene orders, and gene contents. Investigating these structural rearrangements helps to understand how genomes have been modified over time. Some elements that play an important role in genome rearrangements are called insertion sequences (ISs), they are the simplest types of transposable elements (TEs)...

Prokaryotic insertion sequence (IS) elements behave like parasites in terms of their ability to invade and proliferate in microbial gene pools and like symbionts when they coevolve with their bacterial hosts. Here we investigated the evolutionary history of IS605 and IS607 of Helicobacter pylori, a genetically diverse gastric pathogen. These elements contain unrelated transposase genes (orfA) a...

Ribosomal insertions in Drosophila are transcribed at very low levels. The abundance of the most prominent 0.8 kb type 1 insertion transcript increased up to 60-fold when cultured cells were exposed to the DNA intercalating drug chloroquine. After injection of insertion-containing rDNA in circular form into Xenopus laevis oocytes an apparently identical 0.8 kb insertion transcript was synthesiz...