The engineering tools of choice for the computation of practical engineering flows have begun to migrate from those based on the traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach to methodologies capable, in theory if not in practice, of accurately predicting some instantaneous scales of motion in the flow. The migration has largely been driven by both the success of Reynolds-averaged method...

One of the most used metrics to gauge effects climate change is equilibrium sensitivity, defined as long-term (equilibrium) temperature increase resulting from instantaneous doubling atmospheric CO2. Since global models cannot be fully equilibrated in practice, extrapolation techniques are estimate state transient warming simulations. Because abundance feedbacks—spanning a wide range temporal s...

An investigation of commercial engines with finite capacity lowand high-price economic subsystems and a generalized commodity transfer law [ ( ) m n P ∝ Δ ] in commodity flow processes, in which effects of the price elasticities of supply and demand are introduced, is presented in this paper. Optimal cycle configurations of commercial engines for maximum profit are obtained by applying optimal ...

Recent theoretical advances show that the temperature of a system in equilibrium can be measured from static snapshots of its constituents' instantaneous configurations, without regard to their dynamics. We report the first measurements of the configurational temperature in an experimental system. In particular, we introduce a hierarchy of hyperconfigurational temperature definitions, which we ...

We report on shot-noise limited measurements of the instantaneous velocity distribution of a Brownian particle. Our system consists of a single micron-sized glass sphere held in an optical tweezer in a liquid in equilibrium at room temperature. We provide a direct verification of a modified Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution and modified energy equipartition theorem that account for the ki...

This paper describes the equilibrium of a discrete-time exchange economy in which consumers with arbitrary subjective discount factors and homothetic period utility functions follow linear Markov consumption and portfolio strategies. Explicit expressions are given for state prices and consumption-wealth ratios. We provide an analytically convenient continuous-time approximation and show how sub...