Mendelian randomization is a technique used to examine the causal effect of modifiable exposure on trait using an observational study by utilizing genetic variants. The use many instruments can help improve estimation precision but may suffer bias when are weakly associated with exposure. To overcome difficulty high-dimensionality, we propose model average estimator which involves different sub...

Instrumental variables (IVs), sources of treatment randomization that are conditionally independent the outcome, play an important role in causal inference with unobserved confounders. However, existing IV-based counterfactual prediction methods need well-predefined IVs, while it’s art rather than science to find valid IVs many real-world scenes. Moreover, predefined hand-made could be weak or ...