The development of the transformer insulation failure undergoes three stages: insulation aging, incipient faults and a short circuit. This paper presents a complete scheme to simulate single-phase transformers with insulation deterioration and arcing phenomena i.e. in the first two stages. The approach incorporates Transmission Line Methods (TLM), Jiles-Atherton Hysteretic Model, Composite Cass...

The development of the transformer insulation failure undergoes three stages: insulation aging, incipient faults and a short circuit. This paper presents a complete scheme to simulate single-phase transformers with insulation deterioration and arcing phenomena i.e. in the first two stages. The approach incorporates Transmission Line Methods (TLM), Jiles-Atherton Hysteretic Model, Composite Cass...

a unique high frequency transient overvoltage surge suppressor for the protection of motors and transformers from steep wave-front, short rise-time, high magnitude, spikes, surges and other transient voltages, generated by switching, lightning and other sources. The protective characteristics of ZORC: Eliminates inter-turn insulation failures Extends the life of machine insulation Eliminates mu...

The need for high-performance protective clothing systems in space, polar, and underwater operations and in industrial environments has stimulated research in clothing physiology. New, sophisticated measurement methods, some of which are going to be international standards, have facilitated this research. Measurements with subjects have validated manikin data, but have also provided information...

the oil-paper insulation is a type of an inexpensive combination insulation system in oil-filled power transformers. in this study the dielectric and strength properties of canola oil and mineral oil impregnated hand-sheet papers were investigated. all hand sheets were made of unbleached bagasse soda pulp with two different freeness levels of 200 ± 25 ml, csf and 400± 25 ml,csf. after drying th...

During ground faults, fault current flows in the ground which results in potential gradient and ground potential rise (GPR). The potential gradient affects the safety of operating person due to step and touch voltage and GPR affects the insulation of protective devices and control cables. The potential gradient and GPR are the functions of ground electrode geometry. In this paper, performance a...

Silica aerogels are popular in terms of production volume and real-world applications. Although the current market growth rate is driven exclusively by thermal insulation, may also be attractive for acoustic applications with potential aiding sound absorption/insulation. This paper a summary acoustics related studies silica aerogel-based products. It introduces aerogels, some characterization m...