the historic environment is an irreplaceable asset representing the investment of centuries of skills and resources. it gives places a unique competitive advantage. most of it is in daily use; it is capable of an economic future. the opportunities for regenerating historic environment require both conservation and development motivators to keep a unique sense of the historic environment whilst ...

in recent years, a number of large-scale writing assessments (e.g., toefl ibt) have employed integrated writing tests to measure test takers’ academic writing ability. using a quantitative method, the current study examined how written textual features and use of source material(s) varied across two types of text-based integrated writing tasks (i.e., listening-to-write vs. reading-to-write) and...

background and objectives: evaluating the performance of clinical units is critical for effective managementof health settings. certain assessment of clinical variables for performance analysis is not always possible,calling for use of uncertainty theory. this study aimed to develop and evaluate an integrated independentcomponent analysis-fuzzy-data envelopment analysis approach to accurate the...

Tree barks are considerable waste streams in forest industries, and a potentially interesting resource for biorefineries. Barks of six relevant tree species, namely poplar (Populus × canadensis), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), red oak (Quercus rubra), willow (Salix sp.), Corsican pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio), larch (Larix decidua), were anatomically chemically characterized. Anatomic...