Part one of this paper considers the question of property rights in general and asks how such rights can be justified, contrasting Consequentialist with other approaches and concludes that it is impossible to avoid a broadly Consequentialist approach. Part two considers the question of intellectual property (IP) and asks how property rights justifications apply to it. The basic economics if IP ...

he decision to organize a country’s monetary strategy around the direct targeting of inflation rests upon a number of economic arguments about what monetary policy can and cannot do. Over the last twenty years, a consensus has been emerging in the economics profession that activist monetary policy to stimulate output and reduce unemployment beyond their sustainable levels leads to higher inflat...

drome4), but was still considered to have NCS 'with a generalized EEG pat tern in localization-related epilepsy syndromes' (NCS class IIb}. Pat ient 14 was labelled as belonging to NCS class III (unclassifiable epilepsy syndrome), but the epilepsy syndrome was described as generalized in Table 5 of this paper 2. The integration of patients with severe intellectual deficits into the general epil...

Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic non-steroidal plant compounds with estrogen like activity exerted through estrogen receptors. These receptors are distributed in several tissues such as male and female reproductive systems, bones, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. These natural phenolic compounds include isoflavonoids, flavonoids, lignans and stilbenes. Isoflavonoids are the most studi...

Copy detection has very important application in both intellectual property protection and information retrieval. Currently, copy detection concentrates on document copy detection mainly. In early days, document copy detection concentrated on program plagiarism detection mainly and now the most studies are on text copy detection. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on natural language text co...

Many have argued that anthropology, as a four-field discipline, lacks intellectual coherence. Recent developments in the field of biotechnology and the possibility of producing chimeras with recognizable human characteristics make it necessary to think in terms of a new kind of “old” four-field holism. The production of a human/nonhuman chimera raises theoretical questions about the nature of t...

The neuropsychological concepts found in Donald Hebb's The Organization of Behavior have greatly influenced many aspects of neuroscience research over the last half century. Hebb's ideas arose from a rich tradition of research. An underappreciated contribution came from pioneering studies at Yale University. Here, we wish to reconsider these developments, placing particular emphasis on the role...

This essay examines the evolution of both institutions and economists' thinking on institutions during transition. Early in transition, institutions were virtually ignored in the majority of normative prescriptions, but were central in the evolutionary-institutional approach. Later, after events influenced intellectual developments, institutions were at the center of analysis. Growth is strongl...

The period of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is considered as modern period. During this period India passed from medieval to modern age. This period witnessed a remarkable beginning of intellectual activities in India. A number of books on Ayurveda were written. Many British officials and physicians studied the Indian medicine and published their works. A new branch of history of Avur ve ...

• Why did Europeans begin to amass overseas empires during the sixteenth century, and what effects did this experience have on both the Europeans and conquered peoples? • What role did religion play in the European wars of the sixteenth century and the Thirty Years’ War of the seventeenth century? • How did the religious policy, the foreign policy, and the governments of Philip II of Spain and ...