the endurance of any type of architecture is contingent upon the study of the characteristics that led to its formation. two general approaches have been adopted to study and analyze the iranian architecture. a number of scholars have taken a historical approach, while others have merely considered a genre- based approach. making use of many historical studies, these scholars have attempted to ...

Mohammad-Karim Pirnia, one of the most prominent scholars of the history of Iranian architecture, has recorded two major achievements: the principles of Iranian architecture and the stylistics of Iranian architecture. In this article we will discuss his suggested principles for Iranian architecture. For this purpose, we will first show how his five principles have evolved and completed th...

Islam is regarded to pay attention to the characteristics of urban life which can be practiced on the urban settings. Not surprisingly, Islam has made a great focus on the form and design of cities and prescribed detailed and elaborate regulations for individual and communal life. Seen from other way round, the penetration of Islam into various regions such as Iran, Europe, and Africa had an un...

regionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place and attempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity of time and place, greater awareness across the global and acceleration of cross cultural interactions. therefore, the present paper attempts to analyze global...

regionalism is an analytical and critical perspective which focuses on preserving special features of place and attempts to fill the vacuum in architecture. globalization is a complex multi-stage process that causes increasing complexity of time and place, greater awareness across the global and acceleration of cross cultural interactions. therefore, the present paper attempts to analyze global...

We explore a network architecture introduced by Elman (1988) for predicting successive elements of a sequence. The network uses the pattern of activation over a set of hidden units from time-step t-1, together with element t, to predict element t + 1. When the network is trained with strings from a particular finite-state grammar, it can learn to be a perfect finite-state recognizer for the gra...

This paper analyzes the determinants of the journey-to-work commute patterns for male teenage workers within a single local labor market: the Oakland Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. Controlling for the intervening opportunities and the intervening labor supply between a given origin and destination reduces the estimated negative effect of distance on the inter-zonal flow of labor by near...