Persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) is a not uncommon finding in patients with congenital heart disease. This anatomical variant must be recognised before doing a Glenn anastomosis, bidirectional cavopulmonary connection or a Fontan-type procedure. Following these procedures, reopening of a left SVC leading to clinical cyanosis can occur. Five cases are described in whom persisting left SV...

BACKGROUND Although the internal thoracic artery was proven superior to saphenous vein graft in long-term patency, it is thought to be a more resistive conduit than the vein graft. Moreover, patency studies comparing both left and right internal thoracic arteries have provided results favoring the former. Fractional flow reserve is an established functional index of coronary blood flow. METHO...

BACKGROUND A previous study using electrical stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (geko™) to activate the venous muscle pump measured blood flow in both the femoral and popliteal veins. Increased blood flow by as much as 60% was demonstrated in the femoral vein. Such an increase is assumed to be as a result of an increase in venous flow from the deep calf veins; however this has yet to be c...

BACKGROUND Internal jugular vein thrombosis is a rare vascular event with a potentially fatal outcome. Of the known etiologies, internal malignancies, either known or occult, are well described. Even though malignancies are known to present with internal jugular vein thrombosis, it rarely occurs due to prostate carcinoma. Many cases of jugular vein and superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to...

We present a case of 36 years old male with end stage renal failure, hemodialysed for 3 years, who developed symptomatic Dialysis Access Steal Syndrome (DASS) in his right hand due to high flow brachial–cephalic arterio-venous fistula. Surgical treatment of steal syndrome was performed by aneurysmorrhaphy of draining cephalic vein, reinforced by the use of the part of bicipital aponeurosis as a...

Health professionals involved in invasive procedures such as central venous catheter placement should have a thorough knowledge of thoracic vascular anatomy. Various developmental anomalies the large intra-thoracic veins can be incidentally discovered normal adults. Amongst these congenital is duplication superior vena cava (SVC), which results from failure left cardinal vein to obliterate. Awa...

We report the approach to a 29 year old patient presenting with the diagnosis of a Budd-Chiari Syndrome, with clinical deterioration after initial anticoagulation treatment. The patient was proposed to endovascular treatment. Through intra-hepatic shunting seen at angiography, and from a left to right liver lobe, a guide-wire was passed retrogadely and allowed sufficient support to perform hepa...

Transcaval extension of the thymoma to the right atrium has very rarely been reported, and cardiopulmonary bypass is recommended for successful resection. An invasive thymoma with intravascular invasion of the superior vena cava, and the left innominate vein extending into the right atrium was presented. Intra-atrial extension was resected through a transient external shunt from the inferior ve...

An 11-month-old female patient presented with symptoms of orbital venous congestion. A CT scan showed enlarged superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus on the symptomatic side. Catheter angiography confirmed a direct carotid-cavernous fistula with intra- and extracranial venous drainage. Successful coil embolization of the fistula was performed with resolution of the infant's symptoms and r...

Giant hiatal hernias, generally seen at advanced ages, can rarely cause cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain. Here, we aimed to present a case with a large hiatal hernia that largely protruded to intrathoracic cavity and caused dyspnea, particularly at postprandial period, by compressing the left atrium and right pulmonary vein. We considered presenting this case as large hiatal hern...