cytomegalovirus is the leading viral cause of congenital disease, often producing serious neurological deficits. cmv attacks the developing central nervous system (cns) resulting in serious brain disorders that include microencephaly, epilepsy, deafness, microgyria, mental retardation, sensory loss, motor problems, and psychiatric disturbances. in addition, cmv is a clinically important opportu...

Most of our current knowledge about the neural control of behavior is based on electrophysiology. Here we review advances and limitations of current electrophysiological recording techniques applied in behaving animals. Extracellular recording methods have improved with respect to sampling density and miniaturization, and our understanding of the nature of the recorded signals has advanced. Jux...

The method of intracellular potential recording made it possible to investigate the effect of electrotonus on the cellular activities more precisely than before, by using the membrane potential as a parameter. Many studies along this line thus appeared in succession with various kinds of tissues 1, 7,s,15,16'17,18,19,23,31) In the present paper, the results obtained with the spinal motoneurons ...

The limitations of conventional extracellular recording and intracellular recording make high-resolution multisite recording of plant bioelectrical activity in situ challenging. By combining a cooled charge-coupled device camera with a voltage-sensitive dye, we recorded the action potentials in the stem of Helianthus annuus and variation potentials at multiple sites simultaneously with high spa...

Intracellular recording, which allows direct measurement of the membrane potential and currents of individual neurons, requires a very mechanically stable preparation and has thus been limited to in vitro and head-immobilized in vivo experiments. This restriction constitutes a major obstacle for linking cellular and synaptic physiology with animal behavior. To overcome this limitation we have d...

objective: the brucella melitensis virb operon, encoding a type iv secretion system (t4ss), is required for intracellular replication and persistent infection in the mouse model. the product of the second gene of the virb operon, virb2, is predicted to be localized at the bacterial surface, where they could potentially interact with host cells. studies to date have focused on characterization o...

The miniaturization of bioelectronic intracellular probes with a wide dynamic frequency range can open up opportunities to study biological structures inaccessible by existing methods in a minimally invasive manner. Here, we report the design, fabrication, and demonstration of intracellular bioelectronic devices with probe sizes less than 10 nm. The devices are based on a nanowire-nanotube hete...