background: opiate is used in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pumps (pcia) for controlling pain in post-surgical patients.other drugs are remarkably added to opioid pumps to enhance quality, lengthen analgesia, and reduce side effects. lidocaine, a local anesthetic which inhibits sodium channels, has anesthetic and analgesic effects when injected locally or intravenously. the objective...

Intravenous lipid emulsion is an established, effective treatment for local anesthetic-induced cardiovascular collapse. The predominant theory for its mechanism of action is that by creating an expanded, intravascular lipid phase, equilibria are established that drive the offending drug from target tissues into the newly formed 'lipid sink'. Based on this hypothesis, lipid emulsion has been con...

Introduction. To determine patient cosmetic satisfaction following nasal fracture manipulation under general anaesthetic when offered at different time intervals after injury. Materials and Methods. Prospective chart review of adult patients with nasal fractures treated by closed reduction at a busy district general hospital in Greater London over a 10-month period. Patients were asked by a sta...

BACKGROUND The potential relationship between anaesthesia, surgery and onset of dementia remains elusive. AIMS To determine whether the risk of dementia increases after surgery with anaesthesia, and to evaluate possible associations among age, mode of anaesthesia, type of surgery and risk of dementia. METHOD The study cohort comprised patients aged 50 years and older who were anaesthetised ...

BACKGROUND Sevoflurane and ketamine are commonly used to obtain sedation and facilitate intravenous anesthetic induction in children undergoing cardiac surgery who are uncooperative. We used a new and direct systemic hemodynamic monitoring technique pressure recording analytical method and compared the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane and ketamine to facilitate intravenous anesthetic inductio...

THE bispectral index (BIS, Aspect Medical Systems Inc., Newton, MA) is a processed electroencephalographic variable which correlates with depth of hypnosis in adult patients during general anesthesia. It has also been used clinically to guide anesthetic drug administration, and to quantify the pharmacodynamic action of anesthetic drugs in the laboratory setting. BIS has previously been shown to...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three local anesthetic agents for intravenous regional anesthesia in the upper limb. Side effects and plasma concentrations of the drugs in the doses administered for IVRA were also studied. METHODS Thirty patients in ASA groups I and II received intravenous regional anesthesia for surgery of the upper lim...

Abstract Background Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that is importantly analgesic without respiratory depression. Ketamine increases blood pressure and heart rate. Propofol is an anesthetic drug with good sedation, rapid recovery, but it causes respiratory depression, low heart rate and low blood pressure. Combination of Ketamine and Propofol provides sedation, analgesia and rapid recovery wit...