PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection on refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection failure. METHODS Patients with DME and central subfield thickness (CST) >300 µm who did not respond to IVB injections were retrospectively included. Specifically, we enrolled patients who were diagnosed with refractor...

Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains an important cause of visual loss. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are generally used as first-line treatments for patients with center-involving DME, there is an important role for corticosteroids as well. Corticosteroids may be especially useful in pseudophakic patients poorly responsive to anti-VEGF therapies, in patients wi...

Diabetic macular edema treatments have changed in recent years after the introduction of intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, pegaptanib and the most-recent introduction of aflibercept), corticoids (triamcinolone or dexamethasone), and the sustained delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous inserts. All these new drugs are becoming ...

PURPOSE To describe the treatment of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with concomitant pars plana vitrectomy/arteriovenous sheathotomy and intraoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS Retrospective case series. RESULTS Four eyes of four patients were identified. Patients improved from a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 20/124 at baseline t...