We propose a bare-bones stochastic model that takes into account both the geographical distribution of people within a country and their complex network of connections. The model, which is designed to give rise to a scale-free network of social connections and to visually resemble the geographical spread seen in satellite pictures of the Earth at night, gives rise to a power-law distribution fo...

one of the most important subjects in 21 century in relation to sustainable urban development is urban form. urban form that is pattern of spatial distribution of human activities in a specific period can be divided into two kinds: compact city and urban sprawl. because there is a close relation between urban form and urban sustainability, urban planners have to know about urban pattern and for...

Literature focusing on the intraurban location patterns of the elderly, based on 1970 and earlier data, generally suggests that they are concentrated in the inner city and have good access to services. Recent literature and data from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing suggest that the location of the elderly in urban areas is changing. In a case study of Toledo, Ohio, concentrations of e...

"This paper examines the urban growth of 33 small and intermediate Korean cities during 1975-1980 from the ecological perspective. Using the multiple regression analysis, population growth of a city is measured by variables such as industrial structure, distance from a metropolitan city, and educational level of residents in a corresponding city. At the present development stage in Korea, tho...

1. Despite the accelerating global spread of urbanized habitats and its associated implications for wildlife and humans, surprisingly little is known about the biology of urban ecosystems. 2. Using data from a 60-year study period, this paper provides a detailed description of how the northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis L.--generally considered a shy forest species--colonized the city of Hambur...