BACKGROUND Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast malignancy, with varying molecular features and resistance to treatment. Although CD44+/CD24- cells are believed to act as breast cancer stem cells and to be linked to poor prognosis in some patients, the association between these cells and tumor recurrence or metastasis in all or some types of invasive ductal carcinoma is u...

Invasive species are leading drivers of environmental change. Their impacts are often linked to their population size, but surprisingly little is known about how frequently they achieve high abundances. A nearly universal pattern in ecology is that species are rare in most locations and abundant in a few, generating right-skewed abundance distributions. Here, we use abundance data from over 24,...

Classification Invasive ductal carcinoma is a heterogeneous group with many different subtypes, some of them extremely rare. Each of these variants is associated with another pathological presentation and with a different prognosis compared to invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST). As shown in Figure 1, some of the most important subclassifications are: Medullary carcinoma: younger...

The focus of this study was to determine if early detection of mutant p53 accumulation may be an early indicator of tumor aggressiveness and transformation to invasive breast cancer. For this purpose, the p53 content of 100 human breast biopsies classified as ductal carcinoma (DCIS), was evaluated by immunohistochemical method. All specimens were microscopically classified into histologic types...

SOURCES 1. Varga Z, Mallon E.Histology and Immunophenotype of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. Daily Practice and Pitfalls. Breast Dis. 2009 Oct 21;30:15-19. 2. Weigelt B, Geyer FC, et al. The molecular underpinning of lobular histological growth pattern: a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of invasive lobular carcinomas and gradeand molecular subtype-matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no s...

juvenile fibroadenoma is an uncommon histologic variant of fibroadenoma that frequently shows a remarkable and rapid growth. the development of a carcinoma within a fibroadenoma, either in situ or invasive, is a rare condition. we encountered a 36-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right breast. the radiologic findings were indicative of a fibroadenoma in the breast. sonographic guided ...

Invasive alien species spread through the environment and threaten native biodiversity, assisted by the absence of natural enemies. Alien species may also carry pathogens, which can be transmitted to native species. About half of the known endangered species are under threat from invasive alien species. The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2008 invited rele...

Content organisation We present a pictorial series of four patients with unusual breast pathology who initially presented to the triple assessment breast clinic in a tertiary university institution. For each case the imaging features and final diagnoses are critically appraised, along with a review of the literature. We illustrate a case reminiscent of bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma which,...

There have been some reports of coincidental presentation of breast carcinoma and phyllodes tumor in the same breast. Most of the cases were carcinoma that arose from a phyllodes tumor with a histologically identified transitional area, and they behaved less aggressively than the usually encountered carcinoma. Collision tumors are rare clinical entities in which two histologically distinct tumo...