Halides are incorporated into aerosol sea spray, where they start the catalytic destruction of ozone (O3) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere. Two intriguing environmental problems undergoing continuous research are (1) to understand how reactive gas phase molecular halogens are directly produced from inorganic halides exposed to O3 and (2) to constrain the environmental factors t...

Iodine is an elemental nutrient that is essential for mammals. Here we provide evidence for an acute therapeutic role for iodine in ischemia reperfusion injury. Infusion of the reduced form, iodide, but not the oxidized form iodate, reduces heart damage by as much as 75% when delivered intravenously following temporary loss of blood flow but prior to reperfusion of the heart in a mouse model of...

Iodine is an important element in studies of human nutrition to combat I deficiency disorders, and in protection of the environment and human health from anthropogenic release of radioactive I. Biogeochemical cycling of I in the subsurface environment is complex, because it occurs in multiple oxidation states and as inorganic and organic species that may be volatile, hydrophilic and biophilic. ...

Published methods for radioiodination of rose bengal require reaction times of 1 hr or more at temperature from 50 to 120 degrees C. Through the use of an acidified ethanol solvent and potassium iodate oxidant, purified rose bengal is radioiodinated at room temperature within 15 min with chemical yields ranging between 93 and 97%. Radiochemical impurities are sufficiently minimized to permit pr...

A new modification of PbF(IO3) has been obtained as single crystals from hydrothermal synthesis, alongside the known centrosymmetric, Pb(IO3)2, a second phase. Measured with Kurtz-Perry SHG method, are phase-matchable for YAG:Nd laser radiation and demonstrate strong output. According to an X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on crystal at low temperature, appear monoclinic, space group Pn, op...

THE EI,ECTROKETI~‘~'~GRAM (ERG) was first recorded by Holmgren in 1865 (ZO), and it has proved to be a useful tool for studying retinal function for almost a century. Despite extensive studies, however, the cellular origins of the ERG components proximal to the receptors remain to be established. Quite recently it has become possible to record intracellularly from the retinal cells with fine mi...

This manuscript addresses identification, analysis, formation and occurrence of key disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during chlorination and/or ozonation of both natural seawater (NSW), and synthetic high- and low-bromide saltwater (HBSW and LBSW, respectively). In this study, several groups of water disinfection byproducts were studied, including haloacetic acids (HAAs), halonitromethanes...

Influential factors of electrical thresholds for electrically evoked potentials elicited by intraorbital stimulation of the optic nerve, including stimulation positions of the optic nerve, stimulating electrodes, frequency and duration of electrical pulses and pathological status of the optic nerve, were evaluated in 48 pigmented rabbit eyes. Intravenous injection of sodium iodate was used to i...

Iodate is almost immediately reduced to iodide following its intravenous administration to rats or rabbits. Even when it is given in relatively large doses, reduction is complete within 2 to 3 min. Following oral administration also, radioiodate is so rapidly transformed to radioiodide that 2-hour thyroid 13rI uptakes in rats that received radioiodate by stomach tube were not significantly diff...

Iodide (I(-))-accumulating bacteria were isolated from marine sediment by an autoradiographic method with radioactive (125)I(-). When they were grown in a liquid medium containing 0.1 microM iodide, 79 to 89% of the iodide was removed from the medium, and a corresponding amount of iodide was detected in the cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that iodide-accu...