_______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The presented previously indirect optimization method (IOM) developed within biochemical systems theory (BST) provides a versatile and mathematically tractable optimization strategy for biochemical systems. However, due to the local approximations nature of the BST formalism, the iterative version of this ...

Privacy seems to be of increasing public concern, as evidenced by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule, a regulatory framework that appears to hinder access to data and thus to limit population-based research. A 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report urged Congress, via the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to develop a new approach to pr...

Introduction: Soluble organic compounds are known to be abundant in CM carbonaceous chondrites (CC), where they comprise a complex and diverse suite of both water-, and solventextractable molecular species [1]. The soluble organic composition of the Renazzo-type meteorites, known only recently through the studies of a few CR2 finds from Antarctica, was shown to differ from that of CMs in the ov...

Mass balance estimates for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) in the 2007 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and in more recent reports lie between approximately ?50 to -250 Gt/year for 1992 to 2009. The 300 Gt/year range is approximately 15% of the annual mass input and 0.8 mm/year Sea Level Equivalent (SLE). Two estimates from radar altimeter measurements of elevation change b...

BACKGROUND In both Europe and the US, resident physician work hour reduction has been a source of controversy within academic medicine. In 2008, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended a reduction in resident physician work hours. We sought to assess the American public perspective on this issue. METHODS We conducted a national survey of 1,200 representative members of the public via rand...

BACKGROUND The continuum of care is at the forefront of the domestic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agenda, with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) recently releasing clinical core indicators. Core indicators for retention in care are calculated based on attended HIV care clinic visits. Beyond these retention core indicators, we evaluated the ...

Photocatalysis provides a "green" and effective strategy for water disinfection. During the photocatalytic disinfection process, intracellular organic matter (IOM) from bacterial cells may be released into the bulk solution. In this study, the role of released IOM in the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation was investigated by fractionation procedure and fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix...

Ambient bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the daily environment and can affect health in various ways. However, few studies have been conducted to comprehensively evaluate personal bioaerosol exposure in occupational and indoor environments because of the complex composition of bioaerosols and the lack of standardized sampling/analysis methods. We conducted a study to determine the most efficient c...

INTRODUCTION The ability to track improvement against racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care is hindered by the varying methods and disparity definitions used in previous research. DATA Nationally representative sample of whites, blacks, and Latinos from the 2002 to 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Dependent variables are total, outpatient, and prescription drug mental health c...

How much may I eat? Most healthcare workers, when asked this question, have insufficient knowledge to educate their patients on a healthy energy intake level. In this review we examine the available methods for estimating adult energy requirements with a focus on the newly developed National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine (NAS/IOM) doubly-labelled water total energy expenditure (TEE)...