Visualmotion, acritical cue in communication, canbemanipulated and studiedusing videoplaybackmethods.A primary concern for the video playback researcher is the degree towhich objects presented on video appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video’s image presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance in determ...

International policies toward protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs) have seen profound changes over the past two decades. Rules on how to protect patents, copyrights, trademarks, and other forms of IPRs have become a standard component of international trade agreements. Most significantly, during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986–94), members of what is today t...

India’s patent reforms represent a shift in India’s policy from one of enormous opposition to revising patent laws according to the WTO, to one of compliance with many aspects of TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement. Industry and civil society had a strong interest in blocking reforms on IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights), and initially played an important role in preve...

Injector-producer relationships (IPRs) are the key knowledge for oilfield optimization, i.e., maximizing oil production at the minimum operational cost. The difficulty associated with the field optimization is that the underlying reservoir structure is unknown and changes continuously over time. Inferring IPRs is a large-scale constrained nonlinear parameter estimation problem. The state-of-the...

Visualmotion, acritical cue in communication, canbemanipulated and studiedusing videoplaybackmethods.A primary concern for the video playback researcher is the degree towhich objects presented on video appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video’s image presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance in determ...

The last several decades have seen the emergence of intellectual property rights (IPRs), especially patents, as a key issue in developments across the fields of law, the economy and the biosciences, and as part of the burgeoning “bioeconomy”. This paper examines how the categories of nature and knowledge, so vital to IPR regimes that support bioeconomy-type projects, are challenged by the alleg...

Visual motion, a critical cue in communication, can be manipulated and studied using video playback methods. A primary concern for the video playback researcher is the degree to which objects presented on video appear natural to the non-human subject. Here we argue that the quality of motion cues on video, as determined by the video's image presentation rate (IPR), are of particular importance ...

AbstrAct The DVB Project is a European-based standards forum that for close to 15 years has been developing specifications for digital video broadcasting, many now implemented worldwide. Its IPR policy has several novel elements. These include " negative disclosure, " the obligation of each member to license IPRs essential to DVB specifications unless it gives notice of the unavailability of th...

The U.S. catfish industry is seeking production systems that are efficient, intensive, and profitable. Growing foodsize stocker-sized fish in the same pond attractive as it often difficult to obtain larger-sized stockers early each year. This case study evaluated performance economics of producing hybrid fingerlings in-pond raceway (IPRS) placed into four 0.4 ha ponds. Growout raceways (RW1/RW2...

The conflict between intellectual property rights and standardization has become clearly visible with the examples of the second generation (2G) wireless GSM system and the third generation’s (3G) WCDMA and CDMA-2000 systems. Now, on the verge of standardizing fourth generation (4G) systems, the mobile telecommunications industry has become highly sensitive to issues resulting from the ownershi...