this study has investigated the long-run and short-run effects of relative productivity on real exchange rate using annual time series data of iran and its major trade partners over the period 1980-2005. to analyze such effect which refers to the balassa-samuelson effect, this research uses auto-regressive distributed lags (ardl) method, to deal with dynamics of the relationship between product...

this paper investigates the impact of oil revenues on the output of economic sectors in some of oil exporting countries including iran, venezuela and mexico. we use cointegration analysis as well as short run and long run granger casualties' tests. the results show that in the long run, an oil boom leads to expansion of service sector, in these countries. also, the impacts of oil revenues ...

the convergence hypothesis maintains that an economy whose productivity lags behind other economies has a potential to grow faster. in other words, this economy can experience faster economic growth through absorbing, accepting, and using available technology experience. in this study, we have examined the relationship between tfp of industry sectors and regional convergence in iran's prov...

this paper estimates the determinants of inflation in iran using a linear and non- linear regression model over the period 1959-2008. in the model specification, the conventional variables (liquidity, production and exchange rate) as well as positive and negative oil revenue shocks, monetary disequilibrium, and demand gap are considered. the results show that nonlinear time series regression mo...

The reactions of a variety of bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel species with C 0 2 have been studied. The product of the reaction is solvent dependent: in toluene the known complex [NiL2(/7 -C02)]-toluene (L = PCy3) is formed while in ether or pentane a binuclear complex [(NiL2)2(?;-C02)] results through the intermediacy of the solvent free species [NiL2(//-C02)] the structure of which has been...

Classical decision theory models behaviour in terms of utility maximisation where utilities represent rational preference relations over outcomes. However, empirical evidence and theoretical considerations suggest that we need to go beyond this framework. We propose to represent goals by higherorder functions or operators that take other functions as arguments where the max and argmax operators...

The effects of C02 elevation on the dynamics of fine root (FR) mass and ectomycorrhizal (EM) mass and colonization were studied in situ in a Florida scrub oak system over four years of postfire regeneration. Soil cores were taken at five dates and sorted to assess the standing crop of ectomycorrhizal and fine roots. We used ingrowth bags to estimate the effects of elevated C02 on production of ...

IT has been shown by Zuntz(l), Alexander Schmidt(2), and Fre'de'ricq(3)2, that the serum of blood contains more C02 than the corpuscles. On the other hand, it is stated that if C02 acts on the serum and corpuscles which have been separated from one another, then the corpuscles contain more C02 than the serum. This has been explained by an interchange of acid and basic radicles between corpuscle...

ion provides the dominant channel of reaction (6): C0 2 • C02+ + CH4 CH4+ 42 C0 2 , (6a) CH4+ + C02 -> (C0 2 -CH 4 +)* , (21) (C02 • CH4+)* -> CO2H+ + CH3 , (22) (C02 • CH4+)* + C02 -> C02 • CH4+ + C 0 2 , (23) C02H+ + 2 C02 -> (C02)2H+ + C0 2 . (24) In this mechanism the formation of CO2 • CH4 + occurs by collisional stabilization of the intermediate reaction complex (C02 • CH4)* rather than v...

this paper examines the lewis theory of structural change in iran in the period 1974-2005. where labor productivity growth and the intensive use of labor occurs via reallocation of labor between sectors or spillovers in the production from the manufacturing or service sectors to agriculture resulting to convergence. assessing whether productivity gap is reducing or increasing, takes us to the n...