Background: Providing care to a disable relative at home exposesthe caregiver to a potentially higher risk of physical and mentalproblems. We measured health-related quality of life (HRQOL) andits determinants among the caregivers of the Iranian survivors of theIran-Iraq war (1980–1988) with bilateral lower-limb amputation.Methods: Data were collected from 464 individuals comprisingwar-related ...

Saudi Arabia and Iran are engaged in a strenuous competition the Middle East to protect promote their respective spheres of influence, each other’s detriment. This qualitative study traces structural sources this while taking cue from history. It argues that demise Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s plunging into civil war, Arab Spring leading violent movements Syria, Libya, Bahrain, Yemen accentuated Saud...

The present study attempts to analyze Iraq war against Iran based on Parsons' subsystems. The main question aims at finding the social positive/negative functions of the war. According to the studies, the first effect of the war was damaging behavioral organism subsystem so that it couldn't realize its functions. Subsequently, the chaos spread to the personality subsystem. Except for the qualit...

this paper employs a multivariate dynamic conditional correlation garch model, which is developed by engle (2001, 2002), to detect the timing and nature of changes in the comovement between iranian output and prices for the periods after iran–iraq war , known as imposed war . the results showed that there is a weak correlation between output and prices after imposed war and  varies periodically...

Chemical warfare agents are the most brutal weapons among the weapons of mass destruction. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent toxic alkylating agent known as “the King of the Battle Gases”. SM has been the most widely used chemical weapon during the wars. It was widely used in World War I. Thereafter, it was extensively employed by the Iraqi troops against the Iranian military personnel and even c...

The Syrian civil war which broke out in March 2011 further destabilized the Middle East general and Levant particular. From among many implications of this conflict such as deaths more than 400,000 civilians refugee crisis, it caused heavy involvement regional (such Islamic Republic Iran, GCC states, Jordan, Turkey) trans-regional (the United States, Russia, European countries) actors. Iran has...

ON 6 November 2003, the International Court of Justice delivered its long-awaited judgment in Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America). The judgment raises important issues relating to both jurisdiction and the law governing the use of force. By way of background, the Court was seised of a claim by Iran and a counterclaim by the USA alleging breaches of their 1955 bi...