This article reports on a comparative study of the national notifiable infectious diseases surveillance systems currently employed in the United States of America, Australia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the aim ofdeveloping a modified system specific to the needs of the Iranian health system. Features of the surveillance systems examined in each country included: official data gatheri...

BACKGROUND The Purpose of this study is to clarify the care process for Iranian diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcer condition. METHODS The main question of this research was "How is the care process for diabetic foot ulcer patients and how do patients experience it?" This study was within the Grounded Theory method. Data collection was carried out until data saturation was achieved. Sa...

The present study investigated the relationship between Iranian EFL learners' beliefs about language learning and language learning strategy use. A sample of 104 B.A and M.A Iranian EFL learners majoring in English participated in this study. Three instruments, the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP), Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), and the Strategy Inventor...

A species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers already designed, based on differences in the nucleotides of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), was used to identify the species composition of the Anopheles fluviatilis complex in Iran. All the amplified DNA samples obtained from specimens collected from different areas using different collection methods yielded...

Introduction Jujube is an important economic forest tree whose fruit rich in alkaloids. Chinese jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and sour spinosa Hu.) are the two most species of genus. However, mechanisms underlying synthesis metabolism alkaloids fruits remain poorly understood. Methods In this study, ‘Hupingzao’ ‘Taigusuanzao’ different harvest stages were used as test materials, we first inte...

The traceability system is regarded as an effective method to ensure safety quality for farm products by many countries all over the world. Although this system is common for a range of farm products, few reports for red jujube are available nowadays. Our study focuses on constructing a traceability system in terms of information technology in order to implement quality tracing for red jujube p...

Laimaphalenchus hyrcanus n. sp., from bark samples of cypress (Cupressus sp.) and jujube (Ziziphus jujube Miller) from Gorgan, Golestan province in northern Iran, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by females with 670-870 μm body length, slender stylet of 11-12 µm, six-lobed cephalic region not divided by ribs, three in...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Jujube witches'-broom a phytoplasma disease of Ziziphus jujuba is prevalent in China and is a serious problem to the industry. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease is poorly understood. In this study, genome-wide identification and analysis of microRNAs in response to witches'-broom was ...

In order to explore the feasibility of mineral element analysis on origin red jujube, and screen effective indicators distinguish 34 samples jujube were collected from Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi Gansu provinces China. The contents Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, B, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ba, Tl, Ge, Zr, Li, Rb, Cs, La, Ce Nd in determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ...