The paper presents a plastic analysis procedure based on the energy balance concept for performance based seismic retrofit of multi-story multi-bay masonry infilled reinforced concrete (R/C) frames with a ‘soft’ ground story using passive energy dissipation (PED) devices with the objective of achieving a target performance level of the retrofitted R/C frame for a given seismic hazard level at t...

This paper aims to obtain the optimal distance between the adjacent structures using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm considering structure-soil-structure systems; The optimization algorithm has been prepared in MATLAB software and connected into OpenSees software (where the structure-soil-structure system has been analyzed by the direct approach). To this end, a series of adjacent s...

Iran is located in a seismically active region and exposed to seismic activity from many seismic sources and active faults. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is the basis for many pre and postearthquake risk management issues. Definition and parameterization of active faults and seismic sources are among the most important aspect for reliable PSHA studies. In this paper an effort in desig...

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have many advantages over conventional bridges in terms of strength and maintenance cost. Due to the integrity of these structures uniform thermal and seismic loads are known important ones on the structure performance. Although all bridge design codes consider temperature and earthquake loads separately in their load combinations for conventional bridges, the t...

In this article optimal design of shear walls is performed under seismic loading. For practical aims, a database of special shear walls is created. Special shear walls are used for seismic design optimization employing the charged system search algorithm as an optimizer. Constraints consist of design and performance limitations. Nonlinear behavior of the shear wall is taken into account and per...

the knee bracing steel frame (kbf) is a new type of energy dissipating frame which enjoys exceptional ductility and lateral stiffness. rather than the beam-column joint, one end of the diagonal brace in kbf is attached to the knee element. indeed, the knee element as a hysteretic damper is designed and detailed to behave like a structural fuse by sustaining controlled inelastic deformations as ...

The evaluation of seismic earth pressures is of vital importance for the earthquake resistant design of various retaining walls and infrastructures. It is one of the key research subjects in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In engineering practices, the magnitude and distribution of seismic earth pressures are greatly affected by the mode and amount of wall displacement. However, cl...

A structure may be subject to several aftershocks after a mainshock. In many seismic design provisions, the effect of sequences is either not directly considered or has been underestimated. This study examined behavior reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting structures with shear walls under sequences. Two three-dimensional short and medium height were designed analyzed seven real mainshock–a...