Project Summary Report 2122-S – 1 – To facilitate cross-border traffic, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) calls for harmonization of truck standards among the trade partners. Combined with the desire of U.S. industry to reduce freight costs, this aspect of NAFTA has stimulated interest in how liberalization of truck size and weight limits in the U.S. would affect highway infrastru...

â â â  â â â â â  abstract â  the research on social networks and collaborative strategies has highlighted from the mid of 1980 which has contributed to the success and development of firms. the relationship and communication with trade partners in overseas help success of firms in entering to foreign markets and improve new partners and new markets abroad. doing firm internationalization in fo...

The study was conducted to assess the discrepancies in statistical accounting of Russian exports and imports 50 partner countries terms trade relations for period from 2012 2019. work is based on data Federal Customs Service Russia, database International Monetary Fund “Direction Trade Statistics”, Eurostat “Intra-and Extra-EU Trade” CIS Statistical Committee. methods analysis were used: calcul...

By definition, mutualisms involve the exchange of goods or services between partners. It has been shown that mutualism can grade into parasitism, but even when exchange is mutually beneficial, a conflict of interest remains because each partner benefits from reaping more benefits at a lower cost. Metaphorically, the partners negotiate the conditions of trade, the outcome of which will determine...

Problems often arise when partners in regional integration agreements (RIA) have divergent exchange rate policies, as has happened in recent years with the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur). The January 1999 devaluation of the Brazilian real strained the relationship between Argentina and Brazil, setting off a series of events that included protectionist measures in Argentina, Argentine bu...

We bring together time series data on trade, production, and input-use to compute the value added content of trade over the past four decades (1970-2009). Comparing the ratio of value added to gross exports, we measure changes in production fragmentation for the world as a whole, individual countries, and bilateral trade partners. For the world, the share of value added in trade falls by 10 to ...