BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of unintended pregnancies caused by lack of contraceptive use, little is known about women's reasons for or attitudes toward unprotected intercourse (UI). METHODS We included 562 women seeking pregnancy termination at six U.S. abortion clinics who completed surveys on their experiences and attitudes about UI, knowledge of the risk of conception, and will...

BACKGROUND To determine incidence and remission of UI as well as changes in UI prevalence in the Norwegian EPINCONT surveys. METHODS The EPINCONT surveys were conducted in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, as part of two large cross-sectional health surveys (HUNT2 and HUNT3) in 1995 - 1997 (EPINCONT1 (E1)), and 2006 - 2008 (EPINCONT2 (E2)). EPINCONT collected information about prevalence ...

Although the Philippines is considered an iodine-deficient country, there are no documented iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) among newborns screened to be positive for congenital hypothyroidism. The objectives of this pilot study were: (1) to determine the levels of urinary iodide (UI) in normal term newborns and their mothers, and (2) to correlate the UI levels of newborns with that of their ...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study risk factors associated with the prevalence, incidence and remission of urinary incontinence (UI) between 4 and 24 months postpartum. DESIGN Longitudinal study (EDEN cohort). SETTING Two French university hospitals. POPULATION 1643 women completed the questionnaire at 4 months and 1409 at 24 months, including 1354 who completed it both times. METHODS Multi...

background: water, sanitation and hygiene have a very important role in public health. poor sanitation is the cause of water contamination, which causes many types of diseases. the aim of this paper was to present the attributable death and disability adjusted life year (dalys) of untreated water and insanitary environments from 1990 to 2010 in iran.   methods: in the global burden of disease 2...

BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common health problem and has a profound effect on the quality of life and psychosocial aspects of the affected women. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of UI in reproductive age women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2000 reproductive age women from February to June 2015. The women were selec...

INTRODUCTION Women's sexual dysfunctions (WSD) have been commonly associated with urinary incontinence (UI). Women with UI and who scored low on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) showed an improvement in urinary leakage and also in their sexual life following treatment by transvaginal electrical stimulation (TES). AIMS To determine the effects of TES in 37 women complaining of UI, of wh...

Results . Some form of incontinence (UI or FI or both) was found in 41% of subjects, isolated UI in 34%, double incontinence (DI) in 12%, and isolated FI in 4%. Having UI increased the risk of also having FI ( p .0001). Serum B 12 levels of 300 pg/ml or less were not predictive of isolated UI or isolated FI. However, in logistic regression, DI was predicted by B 12 (odds ratio [OR] 2.113, p .00...

a response to the problem of irans backwardness preoccupied the minds of intellectual and political forces. since irans failure from russia while different domestic and external factors caused to defeat, differend and even contending views concerning irans backwardness played a key role in these failures. these diverse and contending views which arised at first in compilation of laws and establ...