A ray-tracing approach is used to demonstrate efficient application of the vectorial laws of reflection and refraction to computational optics problems. Both the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) and offset of Gaussian beams resulting from off-center reflection and refraction are calculated for spherical and paraboloidal surfaces of revolution. It is found that the magnification and displacemen...

The boundary problem of linear classical optics about the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a thin dielectric film has been solved under explicit consideration of its discrete structure. The main attention has been paid to the investigation of the near-zone optical response of dielectrics. The laws of reflection and refraction for discrete structures in the case of a regular atomic ...

A light beam changes direction as it enters a liquid at an angle from another medium, such as air. Should the liquid contain molecules that lack mirror symmetry, then it has been predicted by Fresnel that the light beam will not only change direction, but will actually split into two separate beams with a small difference in the respective angles of refraction. Here we report the observation of...

Three examples of the inversion of refraction data by downward continuation illustrate the applicability of the method to field data. The first example is a refraction profile from the Mojave Desert, California. These data are spatially aliased and contain clear evidence of lateral inhomogeneity. The inversion in this case produces a broken image in the slowness-depth domain due to the lateral ...

Abstract Reflection and critically refracted seismic methods use traveltime measurements of body waves propagating between a source series receivers on the ground surface to calculate subsurface velocities. Body wave energy is or reflected at boundaries where there change in impedance, defined as product material density velocity. This article provides practical guidance horizontally shear (SH-...