OBJECTIVE Sex differences in cerebral ischemic injury are, in part, attributable to the differences in cerebrovascular perfusion. We determined whether the brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the female brain are more resistant to ischemic injury compared with male ECs, and whether the difference is attributable to lower expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase and higher l...

Objective: The discovery and development of natural products with potent antioxidant properties has been one of the most interesting and promising approaches in the search for treatment of CNS injuries. The most significant consequence of the oxidative stress is thought to be the DNA modifications, which can become permanent via the formation of mutations and other types of genomic instability ...

Introduction: Nitric oxide seems to play a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies have investigated whether it exacerbates or improves brain edema. In the present study, we inhibited the activity of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME and evaluated the cerebral infarct volume, tissue swelling and brain edema, alongside the measurement of blood flow of the ischemic region. Methods...

Evolving data implicate the synapse in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury and stroke. Ischemic conditions in the brain induce profound changes in synaptic function and synaptic morphology, which may account for early functional loss and deficits observed following stroke. A better understanding of the effects of ischemia on the synapse may help guide novel therapeutic approaches to reduc...

Hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) brain injury results in various degrees of damage to the body, and the immature brain is particularly fragile to oxygen deprivation. Hypothermia and erythropoietin (EPO) have long been known to be neuroprotective in ischemic brain injury. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been recognized as a potent modulator capable of regulating a wide repertoire of ...

Ischemic stroke results in severe brain damage and remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Effective neuroprotective therapies are needed to reduce brain damage resulting from ischemic stroke. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular energy production and homeostasis. Modulation of mitochondrial function mediates neuroprotection against ischemic brain damage. Dynamin-r...

Introduction: Development of brain edema following focal cerebral ischemia exacerbates primary ischemic injury. Blood brain barrier (BBB) opening is an important part of edema named as vasogenic brain edema. In this study, quantitative alterations of BBB permeability is experimentally evaluated using transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Methods: Two groups of male rats (ischemic and sh...

The objectives of the present study are to investigate the activation of mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling after cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats and to examine the neuroprotective effects of rapamycin. Ten minutes transient global cerebral ischemia was induced in straptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperglycemic rats and non-diabetic, euglycemic rats. Brain samples were harvested after 16 h of reperfusi...

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a global health problem. According to the World Health Organization, ischemic stroke is actually the most common cause of death in the world. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is a traditional Chinese medicine for angina pectoris. Ginkgo biloba plays a role in expanding blood vessels, increasing coronary and cerebral blood flow, preventing platelet aggregation, inh...

OBJECTIVE To present a critical and up-to-date review of ischemic brain damage in premature, very low birth weight infants. SOURCES OF DATA Articles were obtained by means of a search of the MEDLINE database, with those considered most representative by the authors being selected. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The most frequent ischemic injuries among preterm, very low birth weight neonates are h...