Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common form of childhood exotropia 2 with an incidence of 32.1 per 100,000 in children under 19 years of age. The strabismus is characterized by an exodeviation of one eye that is interspersed with periods of ocular alignment. Reliable measurement of the deviation is often hindered by the variable nature of the strabismus, and without careful observation...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the aetiological factors underlying strabismus. We undertook a large cohort study to investigate perinatal risk factors for strabismus, overall and by subtype. METHODS Orthoptists reviewed ophthalmological records for Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) children examined for strabismus in hospital ophthalmology departments or by ophthalmologists in private pra...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether distance stereoacuity improves following surgery for intermittent exotropia using the Frisby Davis Distance (FD2) and Distance Randot stereotests. METHODS Eighteen patients (median age, 24 years; range, 5 to 68 years) with intermittent exotropia were prospectively enrolled. Stereoacuity was measured pre- and 6 weeks postoperatively using the FD2 and Frisby near tes...

PURPOSE To evaluate the surgical results of asymmetric bilateral lateral rectus recession in exotropic Duane retraction syndrome with abnormal face turn toward the opposite side according to secondary deviation measurements. METHODS Retrospective chart review. RESULTS Seven cases of unilateral exotropic Duane retraction syndrome were reviewed. All cases had globe retraction on adduction and...

PURPOSE To report consecutive esotropia in contralateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection for recurrent intermittent exotropia after unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection and to evaluate the surgical outcome of modified contralateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection for exotropia after unilateral lateral rectus recession and medi...

Infantile exotropia generally presents in a similar fashion to congenital esotropia. It typically occurs early in life and presents with a large, constant exodeviation. Patients with infantile exotropia are usually operated on early in life in the same manner as patients with congenital esotropia. In this issue, Rajavi et al. demonstrated that 18.3% of patients with infantile exotropia needed a...