tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases that affects humans. the cause of this disease is mycobacterium tuberculosis. this disease affects approximately 8.8 million people worldwide and led to over 3 million deaths in 1995. 95% of those affected and 98% of deaths occurred in developing countries. hepatic reactions constitute a major proportion of drug reactions to antituberculosis drugs bein...

The kinetics of oxidation of isoniazid in acidic medium was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between QDC and isoniazid in acid medium exhibits (4:1) stoichiometry (QDC:isoniazid). The reaction showed first order kinetics in quinolinium dichromate (QDC) concentration and an order of less than unity in isoniazid (INH) and acid concentrations. The oxidation reaction proceeds via a prot...

Introduction. The burden of tuberculosis is high in eastern Malaysia, and rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance are poorly defined. Our objectives were to determine M. tuberculosis susceptibility and document management after receipt of susceptibility results. Methods. Prospective study of adult outpatients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Sabah, Malaysia. Addit...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is resistant to both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Whereas many TB diagnostics detect RIF-resistance, few detect INH-monoresistance, which is common and may increase risk of acquired MDR-TB. Whether inclusion of INH-resistance in a first-line rapid test for TB would have an important impact on MDR-TB rates remains uncertain. METHODS...

Tuberculosis is a chronic necrotizing bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has not lost its prevalence in the society from past to present. Isoniazid (INH) an important drug used treatment of tuberculosis and for all forms unless there resistance. This study aimed develop validate new HPLC with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL) based on formation coloured product (9-ant...

The aims of this study were to develop proliposome powders containing isoniazid (INH) in a dry powder aerosol form. INH-proliposome powders were prepared by a spray drying method. Proliposome physicochemical properties were determined using cascade impactor, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The toxicity of proliposomes to respiratory-associated cell lines and its potenti...

Tuberculosis remains as a serious infection disease of worldwide distribution, with high morbidity and mortality, mainly in low socio-economic condition countries. The state of emergency of tuberculosis caused by the resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, became the main threat to the tuberculosis treatment and control programs. A fast detection method for the resistant strains will a...

A review of the adverse effects of isoniazid (INH) wm undertaken and it was found that these effects could be divided into: (1) toxic, (2) idiosyncratic and (3) hypersensitivity reactions. Major toxic reactions are peripheral neuropathies at conventional dosage and seizures from overdosage. Pyridoxine is of benefit in these disorders. Other presumed toxic reactions are autonomic neuropathy, enc...

Isoniazid (INH), a widely used drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis, is associated with a 1 to 2% risk of severe and potentially fatal hepatotoxicity. There is evidence that the INH metabolite hydrazine plays an important role in the mechanism of this toxicity. Metabolism of INH leads to the production of hydrazine via both direct and indirect pathways. In both cases, the activ...

Elucidation of the molecular basis of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to the development of different genotypic approaches for the rapid detection of INH resistance in clinical isolates. Mutations in katG, in particular the S315T substitution, are responsible for INH resistance in a large proportion of tuberculosis cases. However, the frequency of the katG S315T...