A central pathway in synaptic plasticity couples N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-receptor (NMDAR)-signaling to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) cascade. ERK-dependency has been demonstrated for several forms of synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory and includes local synaptic processes but also long-distance signaling to the nucleus. It is, however, controversia...

Jacob (2008) raises several problems for the alleged link between mirroring and mindreading. This response argues that the best mirroring-mindreading thesis would claim that mirror processes cause, rather than constitute, selected acts of mindreading. Second, the best current evidence for mirror-based mindreading is not found in the motoric domain but in the domains of emotion and sensation, wh...

JACOB, R. A. 1994. Vitamin C. Pages 432-448 in Modern nutrition in health and disease, vol. 1 (M. E. Shils, J. A. Olson, and M. Shike, Eds.). Lea and Febinger, New York. JENNESS, R., E. C. BIRNEY, AND K. L. AYAZ. 1980. Variation of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67B:195-204. MADDISON, W. P., AND D. R. MADDISON. 1992. MacClade (vers...

Infections are among the most common causes of seizures. All ages may have seizures due to infections ranging from toxoplasma in the newborn to the Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in the elderly. Seizures may be the only presenting symptom of an infection such as neurocysticercosis or only one symptom of global central nervous system dysfunction, such as in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and rab...