Vitiligo is the most frequent pigmentary disorder ( Bagherani et al., 2011; Nazer et al., 2011;Yaghoobi et al., 2011a; as cited in Wolff et al., 2007). It is an acquired, idiopathic and progressive skin disease (Bagherani et al., 2011; Shameer et al., 2005; Yaghoobi et al., 2011a), characterized by sharply demarcated depigmented lesions on any part of the body (Van Geel et al., 2004). This dise...

Recently many studies on evolutionary algorithms using real encoding have been done. They include ant colony optimization (Socha & Dorigo, 2008), artificial bee colony algorithm (Akay & Karaboga, 2010; Kang et al., 2011), evolution strategies (ES) (Beyer, 2001), differential evolution (Das & Suganthan, 2011; Dasgupta et al., 2009; Kukkonen & Lampinen, 2004; 2005; Mezura-Montes et al., 2010; Nom...

4,444,879 A * 4/1984 Foster .................. GO1N 33,545 422,400 7,317,533 B2 1/2008 Chiarello et al. 7,847,948 B2 12/2010 Lee 7,871,789 B2 1/2011 Yonehara et al. 7,951,529 B2 5, 2011 Li et al. 8,023,109 B2 9/2011 Yamamichi et al. 8,026,071 B2 9, 2011 Chin et al. 2005, OO14135 A1 1, 2005 Hill et al. 2006/0134695 A1 2007. O148670 A1 2009/0239766 A1 2009,0263787 A1 2009/0275061 A1 2009,0280575 ...

There’s a new kid on the block of epigenetic marks, and several recent papers indicate that it plays an important role in maintaining the balance between pluripotency and lineage commitment. The new player, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), is an oxidized derivative of the classic DNAmark, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), generated by the TET enzymes. Now, Wu et al. (2011), Ficz et al. (2011), Williams et...

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents (Meyers et al., 1998; Bacci et al., 2000; Hauben et al., 2003; Chano et al., 2004; Marina et al., 2004; Benassi et al., 2007). The present therapeutic strategies in clinical applications have low efficiency under the current osteosarcoma therapy (Huang et al., 2012; Choeyprasert et al., 2013). Therefore, ne...

INTRODUCTION Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have a high risk of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement. Lesions in the TMJ appear early in the course of this disease. Evaluating the structure of the TMJ in JIA patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides an understanding of the typical radiologic features of morphological change in TMJs of JIA patients. Thi...