A two-stage stochastic program that reoptimizes multi-modal transit schedules city-wide is presented. The model works by perturbing or offsetting the schedule such that the expected value of waiting times at all transfer points in the system is minimized. Probabilistic information on transfers is gathered from a prototypical journey planner, a public-facing tool that transit riders query to fin...

The neural mechanisms that integrate new episodes with established memories are unknown. When rats explore an environment, CA1 cells fire in place fields that indicate locations. In goal-directed spatial memory tasks, some place fields differentiate behavioral histories ("journey-dependent" place fields) while others do not ("journey-independent" place fields). To investigate how these signals ...

Werner Sichel Public Lecture on the Economics of Risk, presented at Western Michigan University on November 7, 2001 and co-sponsored by the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. I would like to thank Ted Groves, Donald Meyer and Joel Sobel for helpful comments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9870894. All opinions and error...

Acomparison of China and India is both exciting and challenging, and should ideally lead to a serious consideration of various policy implications. In this context, our conference today marks the beginning of a long journey. In my remarks, I will try to compare the banking sectors in China and India, largely focusing on structure and robustness as well as the effectiveness of the banking superv...

We investigate the Treasury bill (T-bill) market for volatility effects, and especially any volatility introduced by the T-bill auction process. We use daily T-bill yields for on-therun 13-, 26-, and 52-week T-bills from January 1983 through December 2000. We find that T-bill volatility is not constant across a run, hence is not consistent with the Treasury's auction process intent of a stable ...

When I first started doing research in the area of college and university teaching about 35 years ago, it was like being a voice in the wilderness. But I discovered two other voices in the same wilderness doing the same type of research, namely Chris Knapper and Bill McKeachie. I have benefited greatly from my contacts with both of them over the years, and I have also been lucky enough to have ...

Scripting custom content for computer role-playing games requires the designer to tell a story by writing small fragments of computer code distributed among the characters, props, and locations of the game world. The main challenge of these games is to create believable motivations and behaviors for the dozens or even hundreds of characters and rooms with which the player may interact. We prese...

The relationship between bill morphology and preening behaviour was studied in 11 species of waders. On the assumption that species with long bills might be less efficient at preening than birds with short bills, the hypothesis was tested that long-billed species devoted more time to preening than short-billed species. Results showed a positive relationship between bill length and time spent pr...

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in designing cities that support not only walking, but also cycling. Bike Score® is a metric capturing environmental characteristics associated with cycling that is now available for over 160 US and Canadian cities. Our aim was to determine if Bike Score was associated with between and within-city variability in cycling behavior. METHODS We used linear reg...

Community involvement and empowerment are central to the notion of environmental democracy. In contrast to decide-announce-defend modes of centralised decision making, planning and management, decisions built on inclusive participation and knowledge sharing are more likely to be supported during implementation, mobilise resources and support, and facilitate social learning. Collaborative modes ...