| This paper ooers suucient conditions to prove global convergence of non{elitist evolutionary algorithms. If these conditions can be applied they yield bounds of the convergence rate as a by{product. This is demonstrated by an example that can be calculated exactly. KeyWords| global convergence, non{elitist evolutionary algorithm , martingale theory

A family of improved secant-like method is proposed in this paper. Further, the analysis of the convergence shows that this method has super-linear convergence. Efficiency are demonstrated by numerical experiments when the choice of α is correct. Keywords—Nonlinear equations, Secant method, Convergence order, Secant-like method.

Growing concerns about long-run equilibrium in the oil market have focused on understanding time path of consumption across countries. This study examines convergence largest consumers. To this end, we employ historical data dating back to 1890 by benefiting from newly proposed concepts, including relative/club and weak σ-convergence, addition conventional β-convergence notion. The empirical re...

This study has an identification problem that seeks to find out the meaning of Liverpool FC for a Bigreds, as well looking motive Bigreds who is in Bogor. The phenomenon fan supporting his team been around researchers, especially FC. But not many know how defines club themselves, and what their motives are become Bigreds. uses qualitative method phenomenological approach, because this researche...

Keywords: Baskakov-Szász operators Modulus of continuity Asymptotic formula Simultaneous approximation Statistical convergence Bounded variation a b s t r a c t In the present paper, we introduce generalized Baskakov-Szász type operators and study some approximation properties of these operators e.g., rate of convergence in ordinary and simultaneous approximation, statistical convergence and th...

abstract in this paper, income per capita convergence hypothesis is tested in selected oic countries. for this purpose, we use the time series model and univariate kpss stationary test with multiple structural breaks (carrion-i-silvestre et al. (2005)) over the period 1950-2008. the results show that most oic countries could not catch up toward usa. although because of some positive term of tra...

Employing the new regression tests for Convergence, Club Convergence and Clustering proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007), this paper models and analyzes the behavior of China‘s energy sectors. Energy market ̳convergence clusters‘ are identified using new price data and their regional spatial distributions are mapped for four major fuel types; coal, gasoline, diesel and electricity. It is found t...

We examine economic convergence among subnational regions of Bangladesh over the period 1992-2013. Absent traditional gross domestic product (GDP) for areas and building on recent findings luminosity literature, we use night lights intensity as a proxy local activity to test hypothesis. Our results show existence both absolute conditional in intensity, but with very long half-lives convergence....

This study revisits the widely researched area of consumption function using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) for a panel EU countries to deal with uncertainty potential determinants, convergence club analysis construct homogeneous groups by income. BMA suggests that income is only variable found be strong determinant across different country groups, whereas other variables have varying importanc...

T his paper is to study the convergence of per capita income. Convergence clubs hypothesis is one of the forms of convergence hypotheses, implying that countries with the same initial level of economic development, technology, and government policies, tend to be similar in per capita income and thus have a tendency to cluster around a small number of poles. In order to test the hypot...