The energy trade is an important pillar of each country’s development, making up for the imbalance in production and consumption fossil fuels. Geopolitical risks affect various countries to a certain extent, but causes geopolitical are complex, also involves many aspects, so impact geopolitics on complex. Based monthly data from 2000 2020 17 emerging economies, this paper employs fixed-effect m...

BACKGROUND Policymakers and researchers frequently compare the prices of medicines between countries. Such comparisons often serve as barometers of how pricing and reimbursement policies are performing. The aim of this study was to examine methodological challenges to comparing generic drug prices. METHODS We calculated all commonly used price indices based on 2013 IMS Health data on sales of...

In his inaugural presidential address to the Population Association of America in 1978, Richard Easterlin challenged the orthodox neoclassical economic model of fertility originally suggested by Becker and subsequently elaborated by Becker and Lewis. While maintaining an economic approach to fertility, Easterlin's model was based upon the notion of material aspirations which changed systematic...

This paper uses firm-level data to determine if there are systematic differences in the export and domestic prices charged by Taiwanese electronics producers. The analysis exploits new micro data that allow us to measure firm-level prices in both the domestic and export market for each of 30 disaggregated products in 1986 and 24 products in 1991. We find a substantial difference in the average ...

This article studies how voting for Brexit affected living standards in the United Kingdom. Using heterogeneity exposure to import costs across product groups, we analyze depreciation of sterling caused by referendum consumer prices. We find that led higher inflation groups with greater shares expenditure. Our results are consistent complete pass-through prices and imply aggregate exchange rate...

The paper deals with the commodity flows (production, import, export, consumption, prices) of manganese, chromium, silicon, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium and nickel ferroalloys in dynamics from 2000 to 2019 throughout Russia. also specifies groups ferroalloys: import-dependent (silicomanganese, metallic ferroniobium), export-oriented (ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrovanadium...

This paper aims at showing heterogeneity in the degree of exchange rate pass-through to import prices in major advanced economies at three di¤erent levels: 1) across destination markets ; 2) across types of exporters (distinguishing developed economy from emerging economy exporters); and 3) over time. Based on monthly data over the period 1991-2007, the results show …rst that large destination ...

This paper proposes tests to empirically examine whether auction prices aggregate information away from the limit. These tests are based on 1) a combination of comparative statics with respect to the number of bidders and the dispersion of information signals and 2) comparison of actual prices to predicted Nash equilibrium prices based on observed auction parameters. When applied to eBay online...