As the number of systems which offer annotations on digital documents increases, robust anchoring of annotations is a key challenge. It is especially important if the annotator lacks write-access to the document being annotated. For example, if someone makes an annotation on a web page today and the web page changes tomorrow, what happens to the annotation? One approach is simply to “orphan” th...

Now that Vladimir Putin has chosen a path of escalation in his unnecessary war aggression against Ukraine, it is imperative Western policymakers know the consequences and how he might escalate further. This article examines recent events on battlefield; implications announced annexation territory, mobilization forces, threats to employ “all means” defend Russian territory; domestic ramification...

The Russian Federation, which continued as its successor state after the collapse of USSR and was one hegemonic powers during Cold War period could not maintain this position both militarily economically in first years, but with improvement economy time, it regained norm maker status. Russia, reborn from ashes norm-making status, aims to be dominant power new era, seen revisionist foreign polic...