although ghazālī has not openly talked about the philosophy of theology, its components can be found in his works. as such, he regards the ultimate goal of theology to be safeguarding the religion and the assertoric or imitative belief of the religious person, preventing misconception and doubt to enter it, and preparing for the desired outcome of theology (happiness). the status of the science...

In cointegrating regressions, available estimators and test statistics are nuisance parameter dependent. This paper addresses this problem as an identi…cation failure. We focus on set estimation of long-run coe¢ cients (denoted ). We check whether and to what degree popular estimation methods, speci…cally the Maximum Likelihood of Johansen (1995), Fully Modi…ed OLS [Phillips and Hansen (1990); ...

Résumé Le décret émis par la chancellerie de l’Imam-calife fatimide al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh en 343/954 nomme Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad (m. 363/974) aux plus hautes charges judiciaires l’État Ifrīqiya. Al-Nuʿmān copia ce dans son Kitāb Iḫtilāf uṣūl al-maḏāhib ( La divergence des principes juridiques écoles droit ), un ouvrage polémique juridique où l’auteur fustige les autres doctrinales d...

the ḥadīth, “backbiting is more severe than adultery” (al-ghaybatu ashaddu min al-zinā), quoted from the apostle of allah (s.a.w.), by four of his companions: abū dhar al-ghifārī, abū sa‘īd al-khudrī, jābir b. ‘abd allāh al-anṣārī, and anas b. al-mālik is reported in the shī‘ī and sunnī sources – except for the kutub al-‘arba‘a and ṣiḥāḥ al-sitta. while analyzing and explaining the text of the ...

Dinlerin teşekkül süreçlerini takip eden gelişim dönemleri pek çok teolojik tartışmalara sahne olmuştur. İslam Dini’nin fikrî açıdan yaşadığı ve din içinde mezhepleşmenin başladığı ilk asırlarda Müslümanlar kendi aralarında muhtelif sebeplerle farklı tartışmalar yaşamışlardır. Bu Dini içerisinde itikâdî mezhebin oluşmasını etkilemesinin yanı sıra tartışma konularına ilişkin yoğun bir telif faal...

analysis of the internal music in sahifeh sajjadiyyeh hasan khalaf * marziye abad ** seyed hosseyn seyedi *** balasem mohseni **** abstract considering the fact that music is not just specific to poetry but it exists in all literary works, whether poetry or prose, this study attempts to examine the inner function of the music in the sahifah sajadieh. external music is related to the prosodic rh...

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Dargai District Malakand, Pakistan, is a tax-free zone that attracts many industrialists to install their plants in this area. Along with other industries, number of steel mills are polluting the natural environment locality. This study aimed evaluate heavy metals levels effluents and fabricate an efficient adsorbent from leaves growing on banks drainage lines industries having high phytoremedi...