A 20-month-old afebrile boy living in northern Taiwan presented with swelling of the right knee for 5 days. No other respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms were associated. A bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination had been performed when he was 1 month of age. The X-ray showed no bony destruction, and the sonography revealed some fluid accumulation in the right suprapatellar pouch. Arthroc...

ovary and ovarian bursa of twelve female reproductive organ, six samples from each immature and mature buffaloes were collected from slaughterhouse. all samples were transferred to anatomy department of veterinary college, and they studied morphologically and morphometrically, length, wide, and thickness of ovaries, deep and wide of opening of ovarian bursa were measured. additionally, dimensio...

Numerous techniques for injection into the distal sesamoid bursa (navicular bursa) have been described, especially in equine, but there are few specific descriptions regarding this practice being done in cattle. Five different techniques were compared for injection into the distal sesamoid bursa in cattle including distal plantar approach parallel with the coronary band, proximal plantar approa...

synovial hemangioma is a rare benign malformation of the synovium. it presents frequently in the knee with pain, tenderness, intermittent swelling and recurrent hemarthrosis. mri can be helpful in diagnosis of synovial hemangioma. in this paper, we present a 45-year-old lady with chronic symptoms and obscure clinical symptoms for 35 years which finally diagnosed and managed arthroscopically as ...

background fractures of the knee account for about 6% of all trauma admissions. while its management is mostly focused on fracture treatment, it is not the only factor that defines the final outcome. objectives this study aimed to study objective and subjective outcomes after proximal tibial versus distal femoral fractures in terms of knee instability and health-related quality of life. patient...

background: blood sucking mites are important avian ectoparasites which being found on bird species worldwide. their presence are problematic for the producers either through potential direct effects on weight gain, egg produc­tion, sperm production in roosters or as nuisance pests on worker handle hens and eggs. the aim of this study was pointing out of the status of haematophagus mites. metho...

In chickens, a single set of unique functional segments of both Ig H and L chain genes is rearranged during early embryogenesis to generate a pool of B cell progenitors that will be diversified in the bursa by gene conversion, forming the preimmune repertoire. After hatching, bursal cells are exposed to environmental Ags in the bursal lumen. We prepared B cells from each single bursal follicle ...

The migration of progenitor cells to specific microenvironments is essential for the development of complex organisms. Avian species possess a unique primary lymphoid organ, the bursa of Fabricius, that plays a central role in the development of B cells. B cell progenitors, however, arise outside the bursa of Fabricius and, during embryonic development, must migrate through the vasculature to t...

One of the complications of osteochondromas is the development of a bursa over the cartilaginous cap. We report a 15-year-old boy with a rapidly expanded adventitious bursitis overlying an osteochondroma of the humerus facing the thoracic wall, a location not previously reported for such bursa formation. Magnetic resonance imaging readily showed adventitious bursitis overlying the osteochondrom...

1Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey 2Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 3Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA 4Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 5Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey 6Depa...