To make learning by reading easier, one strategy is to map language that is read onto a normalized knowledge representation. The normalization maps alternative expressions of the same content onto essentially identical representations. This brief position paper illustrates the power of this approach in PARC’s Bridge system through examples of textual inference.

Knowledge is considered to be “the information needed to make business decisions”, and so knowledge management is the “essential ingredient of success” for 95 per cent of CEOs [Manchester 1999]. A company’s value depends increasingly on “intangible assets” which exist in the minds of employees, in databases, in files and in a myriad documents. Knowledge management technologies capture this inta...

Knowledge Management is widely used for developing strategic alliances in an organization. This leads to effective use of resources and infrastructure so that the organization can reap more benefits from the investments with respect to both people and technology. Further this helps to maintain the overall quality of the organization. In order to build a robust and thriving knowledge environment...

The policy objective of safeguarding financial stability has stimulated a wave of research on systemic risk analytics, yet it still faces challenges inmeasurability. This papermodels systemic risk by tapping into expert knowledge of financial supervisors.We decompose systemic risk into a number of interconnected segments, for which the level of vulnerability is measured. The system is modeled i...

Concept maps have been widely put to educational uses. They possess a number of appealing features which make them a promising tool for teaching, learning, evaluation, and curriculum planning. This paper presents self-associated concept mapping (SACM) which extends the use of concept mapping by proposing the idea of self-construction and automatic problem solving to traditional concept maps. Th...

In analysing controversies and debates—which would include reviewing a literature in order to plan research, or assessing intelligence to formulate policy—there is no one worldview which can be mapped, for instance as a single, coherent concept map. The cartographic challenge is to show which facts are agreed and contested, and the different kinds of narrative links that use facts as evidence t...

“Concept map” has been presented to know the state of learner’s understanding more easily and rapidly than an exam like an achievement test in pedagogical literature. Teacher and learners have usually been constructing the concept map on work with hands, and the work itself might be more complex and difficult. Therefore, we have presented a method to construct semi-automatically “semi-concept m...

Assimilative learning is understood as integrating new information into existing knowledge or cognitive structures without restructuring the current schema. If new information causes inconsistencies, cognitive efforts are necessary to reorganize or to accommodate the old knowledge. Thus, assimilative learning is more efficient and economic. Nonetheless a stable and most notably a correct memory...

Usually, routing models in pedestrian dynamics assume that agents have fulfilled and global knowledge about the building’s structure. However, they neglect the fact that pedestrians possess no or only parts of information about their position relative to final exits and possible routes leading to them. To get a more realistic description we introduce the systematics of gathering and using spati...

Concept maps have been used for knowledge assessment already for several decades. At the same time no extensive overview has been made on possible concept mapping tasks and no formal methods have been developed for comparing the degree of difficulty of different assessment tasks based on concept maps. There are only some research studies on task characterization, task comparison, use of differe...