Received: 23 December 2012 First Revision: 22 January 2013 Accepted: 17 February 2013 Shamseddin Ahmadi 1*, Shahin Amiri 1, Fatemeh Rafieenia1, Jalal Rostamzadeh1 1. Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

Three Clostridium sp. strains were isolated from soil and sediment collected from the Kurdistan region of Iraq. All three isolates were found to harbor putative prophages, with a CRISPR-Cas system found in strains C105KSO13 and C105KSO14.

This article focuses on Quebec's most recent reform in the regionalization of health care to understand why the government chose to transform the regional boards into agencies. This case study used interviews and documentary analysis. Rooted in a political science perspective, the conceptual framework is inspired by the work of John Kingdon (1995) and draws on the four variables that influence ...

Regional governance has improved efficiencies in various common goods such as transportation. Attempts to take advantage of such regional economies through regulation of land use run into the problems of existing local government controls and lack of existing alternative authority. One way to help promote regional solutions is to foster coordination among land use entities in local government. ...

This paper uses an institutional approach to investigate the relationship between the regional institutional environment and regional new firm formation. The importance of perceived attitudes regarding private enterprises, local taxes, political majority, the size of the government sector and perceived rules and bureaucracy on new firm formation in 286 Swedish municipalities are investigated. T...

The question addressed in this paper is how can complex information networks survive hostile attacks and what mechanisms can increase survivability and defence in large-scale computing networks. As recent evidence indicates, firms, governments and other organisations urgently require better defensive strategies in cyberspace, (Anderson et al 1999, and Briney 2000). In particular, the ability of...

The e-Government Grid Service Model in Indonesia is an adjustments based on the framework of existing e-Government and also the form of government in the country. Grid-based services for interoperability could be a solution for resource sharing and interoperability of e-Government systems. In previous study, we designed and simulated the topology of Indonesian e-Government Grid services based o...

This paper looks at the relationship between fiscal and political decentralization and the evolution of regional inequalities in a panel of 26 countries – 19 developed and 7 developing – for the period between 1990 and 2006. Using an instrumental variables method, it finds that whereas for the whole sample decentralization is completely dissociated for the evolution of regional disparities, the...

The development style of open source has a possibility to create new business markets for Regional IT industries. Some local governments are trying to promote their regional IT industries by adopting an open source in their electronic government systems. In this paper, we analyze the data of open source application policy of the Japanese government and case studies of promotion policy of local ...