nowadays “design” is considered as an independent discipline which is neither a science, nor an art, but an interdiscipline with strong relations with both art and science. therefore, this new understanding demands reidentifying all design sub-disciplines. “space” as one of this sub-disciplines, has a pivotal role in shaping form in both design and architecture. while concrete understanding of ...

The universal Teichmüller space T (1) is the simplest Teichmüller space that bridges spaces of univalent functions and general Teichmüller spaces. It was introduced by Bers [Ber65, Ber72, Ber73] and it is an infinite-dimensional complex Banach manifold. The universal Teichmüller space T (1) contains Teichmüller spaces of Riemann surfaces as complex submanifolds. The universal Teichmüller space ...

Using the idea of approach space due to Robert Lowen [Approach spaces. The missing link in the topology-uniformitymetric triad], we define the notion of fuzzy approach spaces as a natural generalization of fuzzy metric spaces due to Kramosil and Michalek [Kybernetika , 11, 1975, 336–344] and prove some properties of fuzzy approach spaces. Keywords— Approach spaces, Fuzzy approach spaces, Fuzzy ...

A b s t r a c t In this paper, we briefly discuss the dynamic and functional approach to computer symbolic tensor analysis. The ccgrg package for Wolfram Language/Mathematica is used to illustrate this approach. Some examples of applications are attached.

In this article, we propose a fuzzy class relation assigning to each pair of finite fuzzy sets a degree to which they are equipollent, which indicates that they have the same number of elements. The concepts of fuzzy sets and fuzzy classes in the class of all countable sets are introduced, and several standard relations and constructions, such as the fuzzy power set and exponentiation, are defi...

‎a common approach to determine efficient solutions of a multiple objective optimization problem‎ ‎is reformulating it to a parameter dependent scalar optimization problem‎. ‎this reformulation is called scalarization approach‎. here, a well-known scalarization approach named pascoletti-serafini scalarization is considered‎. first, some difficulties of this scalarization are discussed and then ...

We present a set of problem frames specialized to the area of geographic applications. Problem frames describe the elements of common problems, and help a specifier understand and decompose a complex problem into simpler subproblems for which a solution is often known. We provide an overview of the main issues in geographic applications, and present twelve frames that address many of the proble...