In the 2D point searching problem, our goal is to preprocess n points P = {p1, . . . , pn} in the plane so that, for an online sequence of query points q1, . . . qm, we can quickly determine which (if any) of the elements of P are equal to each query point qi. This problem can be solved in O(log n) time by mapping the problem down to one dimension. We present a data structure that is optimized ...

The term levels of analysis has been used in several ways: to distinguish between ultimate and proximate levels, to categorize different kinds of research questions and to differentiate levels of reductionism. Because questions regarding ultimate function and proximate mechanisms are logically distinct, I suggest that distinguishing between these two levels is the best use of the term. Integrat...

In this study, leaves of three indigenous varieties of Mulberry namely, Morus alba L., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L. were investigated for their antioxidant potential and their proximate composition was determined. The yields of 80% methanolic extracts ranged between 8.28-13.89%. The contents of total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and ascorbic acid (AA) ranged between 16.21-24.37 ...

Although comparative studies have revealed much about the environmental correlates of leaf lifespan and its integration with other leaf traits, a comprehensive theory of leaf lifespan is still lacking. The influence of growth rate on self-shading may be a key proximate determinant of both interand intra-specific variation in leaf lifespans. If this were the case, we would expect leaf lifespans ...

Purpose. Jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) is a mucilaginous vegetable and fiber crop cultivated in the tropics, where catnip (Nepeta cataria Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia are common weeds. Hence, study investigated growth, yield, nutrient level of jute weed-free, catnip, environments. Methods. The involved two screen-house experiments Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six r...

The present research was designed to study and compare the biochemical parameters in Labeo rohita due to exceptional nutritional value of this fish as a protein source in developing countries. The protein and heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Ni) activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The proximate analysis of L. rohita collected from different localities of Pakistan revealed that the protein (1...

In recent years, a small group of animal behaviorists has been calling for a renewed focus on proximate mechanisms in the study of behavioral evolution (Kennedy, 1992; Stamps, 1991). These calls have been made to counter the current view, implicit in most contemporary analyses of animal behavior, that we can understand ultimate causation without worrying about the mechanistic details. As noted ...